Martínez-Vázquez Sergio, Hernández-Martínez Antonio, Rodríguez-Almagro Julián, Peinado-Molina Rocío Adriana, Martínez-Galiano Juan Miguel
Department of Nursing, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain.
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing of Ciudad Real, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Apr 14;10(4):733. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10040733.
The benefits of exclusive breastfeeding are well known for both mother and baby. Despite this, rates of exclusive breastfeeding remain low. The present study aimed to determine the factors associated with the maintenance of this type of feeding after being discharged from the hospital after childbirth. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1200 postpartum women in Spain. Sociodemographic, obstetric, and neonatal data were collected. Odds ratios (OR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Early breastfeeding initiation was identified as a factor that favors breastfeeding after hospital discharge (aOR: 2.47; 95%CI: 1.77, 3.45). Other factors that favor breastfeeding after discharge included the woman feeling very supported by her partner during pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium (aOR: 2.54; 95%CI:1.30, 5.00) and having previously breastfed other children (aOR: 1.97; 95%CI: 1.40, 2.76). Among the factors that hindered exclusive breastfeeding after discharge were multiple or twin pregnancies (aOR: 0.31; 95%CI 0.12, 0.83), induction of labor (aOR: 0.73; 95%CI: 0.53, 0.99), admission of the newborn to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (aOR: 0.31; 95%CI 0.19, 0.52), using epidural pain relief during labor (aOR: 0.41; 95%CI: 0.27, 0.64), or a preterm newborn (aOR: 0.38; 95%CI: 0.21, 0.69). For all these reasons, it is essential to promote certain practices such as the early start of breastfeeding or the induced onset of labor, among others, in order to promote the maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding beyond hospital discharge after childbirth.
纯母乳喂养对母亲和婴儿的益处是众所周知的。尽管如此，纯母乳喂养率仍然很低。本研究旨在确定分娩后出院后维持这种喂养方式的相关因素。对西班牙的1200名产后妇女进行了一项横断面研究。收集了社会人口学、产科和新生儿数据。计算了比值比（OR）和95%置信区间的调整比值比（aOR）。早期开始母乳喂养被确定为有利于出院后母乳喂养的一个因素（aOR：2.47；95%CI：1.77，3.45）。其他有利于出院后母乳喂养的因素包括女性在孕期、分娩期和产褥期感到伴侣给予了很大支持（aOR：2.54；95%CI：1.30，5.00）以及之前曾母乳喂养过其他孩子（aOR：1.97；95%CI：1.40，2.76）。出院后阻碍纯母乳喂养的因素包括多胎或双胎妊娠（aOR：0.31；95%CI：0.12，0.83）、引产（aOR：0.73；95%CI：0.53，0.99）、新生儿入住新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）（aOR：0.31；95%CI：0.19，0.52）、分娩期间使用硬膜外镇痛（aOR：0.41；95%CI：0.27，0.64）或早产新生儿（aOR：0.38；95%CI：0.21，0.69）。基于所有这些原因，促进某些做法至关重要，例如早期开始母乳喂养或引产等，以便促进产后出院后纯母乳喂养的维持。
