Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
Genes (Basel). 2022 Apr 2;13(4):642. doi: 10.3390/genes13040642.
Dicationic imidazolium-based ionic liquids with amino acid anions, such as IonL-phenylalanine (IonL-Phe), have been proposed as a multifunctional coating for titanium (Ti) dental implants. However, there has been no evaluation of the biocompatibility of these Ti coatings in the oral environment. This study aims to evaluate the effects of IonL-Phe on early healing and osseointegration of Ti in multiple rat demographics. IonL-Phe-coated and uncoated Ti screws were implanted into four demographic groups of rats to represent biological variations that could affect healing: young males (YMs) and females (YFs), ovariectomized (OVXFs) females, and old males (OMs). Samples underwent histopathological and histomorphometric analysis to evaluate healing at 7 and 30 days around IonL-coated and uncoated Ti. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was also conducted at the 2- and 7-day YM groups to evaluate molecular dynamics of healing while the IonL-Phe was present on the surface. IonL-coated and uncoated implants demonstrated similar histological signs of healing, while coated samples' differential gene expression of immunological and bone markers was compared with uncoated implants at 2 and 7 days in YMs. While YMs presented suitable osseointegration for both uncoated and IonL-Phe-coated groups, decreased success rate in other demographics resulted from lack of supporting bone in YFs and poor bone quality in OVXFs and OMs. Overall, it was found that IonL-coated samples had increased bone-to-implant contact across all demographic groups. IonL-Phe coating led to successful osseointegration across all animal demographics and presented the potential to prevent failures in scenarios known to be challenged by bacteria.
具有氨基酸阴离子(如 IonL-苯丙氨酸(IonL-Phe))的二阳离子咪唑鎓离子液体已被提议作为钛(Ti)牙科植入物的多功能涂层。然而,在口腔环境中,尚未对这些 Ti 涂层的生物相容性进行评估。本研究旨在评估 IonL-Phe 对多种大鼠人群中 Ti 早期愈合和骨整合的影响。将 IonL-Phe 涂层和未涂层的 Ti 螺钉植入四个大鼠人群的小组中,以代表可能影响愈合的生物学变化:年轻雄性(YMs)和雌性(YFs)、去卵巢(OVXFs)雌性和老年雄性(OMs)。样本进行组织病理学和组织形态计量学分析,以评估 IonL 涂层和未涂层 Ti 周围 7 天和 30 天的愈合情况。还对 2 天和 7 天的 YM 组进行了实时定量聚合酶链反应,以评估在 IonL-Phe 存在于表面时愈合的分子动力学。IonL 涂层和未涂层植入物显示出相似的愈合组织学迹象,而在 YMs 中,在 2 天和 7 天比较了涂层和未涂层植入物的免疫和骨标志物的差异基因表达。虽然 YMs 对未涂层和 IonL-Phe 涂层组都表现出适当的骨整合,但 YFs 中缺乏支持骨和 OVXFs 和 OMs 中较差的骨质量导致其他人群的成功率降低。总体而言,发现 IonL 涂层样本在所有人群中都增加了骨与植入物的接触。IonL-Phe 涂层在所有动物人群中都实现了成功的骨整合,并有可能预防已知受到细菌挑战的情况下的失败。