Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, (UPV/EHU), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
Health, Physical Activity and Sports Science Laboratory, Department of Physical Activity and Sports, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, 48007 Bilbao, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 17;19(8):4871. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19084871.
Background: Tug-of-war (TOW) is one of the oldest sports in current existence and is an internationally played activity that includes professional and amateur sport athletes, played according to the rules laid out by the Tug of War International Federation (TWIF). In this type of competition, the two teams of eight members each pull against one another on a rope. The team that pulls the opposing team towards a centerline for a distance of 4 m in two pulls out of three is considered the winning team in an international competition. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous scientific articles have described data during a follow-up period of Championships in TOW. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to analyze the duration of the matches, differentiating between the first (T1) and second pull (T2) of each match. Methods: The pulls were compared in the qualification point phase and the final phase, as well as in each weight category. In addition, any differences between the statistics for each of the four World Championships studied were analyzed. Finally, the total volume of pulls in each weight category was studied, both in the open club competition and in the national team competition. Data were collected from four World Indoor Championships (2010−2016). A total of 1862 matches were registered (3724 pulls), differentiating the first (T1) and second (T2) pull. The data were expressed as means (M) ± standard deviations (SD). Results: (1) The second pull is shorter than the first: T1 < T2, p < 0.001, (Es = 0.452; small effect); (2) T1 and T2 times were longer in the final phase than the qualifying phase: T1 phase2 > T1 phase1, p < 0.05 (ES = 0.469; small effect) and T2 phase2 > T2 phase1, (p < 0.05), (ES = 0.486; small effect); (3) there are statistical differences (p < 0.005) in T1 and T2 at all weights, except for T1 at 500 kg and T2 at 640 kg; (4) the comparison among World Championships does not present significant changes in the duration of the pulls; (5) however, in females, significant differences (p < 0.05) between the 2010 World Championships and the remainder in T1 are observed; (6) the volumes that we should take into account when designing the preparation should be those obtained when 11 teams compete against each other, considering the maximum volume that we could find in the competition. Conclusion: This first aspect of the reality of TOW indoor competitions, specifically the duration of the matches, leads to a better understanding of the demands of the sport and the type of effort required. These ideas may help coaches in the design of training plans, maximizing their specificity and their effectiveness.
拔河（TOW）是当前存在的最古老的运动之一，是一项国际运动，包括职业和业余运动员，按照拔河国际联合会（TWIF）制定的规则进行比赛。在这种类型的比赛中，每队由 8 名成员组成，两队队员各自抓住一根绳子的两端。在三轮比赛中，两队各拉两次，将对方拉向中线 4 米的队伍被视为国际比赛的获胜队伍。据作者所知，以前没有科学文章描述过 TOW 锦标赛的随访期间的数据。因此，本研究的主要目的是分析比赛的持续时间，区分每轮比赛的第一（T1）和第二（T2）拉。
在资格赛阶段和决赛阶段，以及在每个体重类别中比较了拉绳。此外，还分析了研究的四个世界锦标赛之间的任何统计数据差异。最后，研究了每个体重类别的总拉绳次数，包括公开赛俱乐部比赛和国家队比赛。数据来自四届世界室内锦标赛（2010-2016 年）。共记录了 1862 场比赛（3724 次拉绳），区分了第一（T1）和第二（T2）拉。数据表示为平均值（M）±标准差（SD）。
（1）第二拉比第一拉短：T1 < T2，p < 0.001，（Es = 0.452；小效应）；（2）决赛阶段的 T1 和 T2 时间比资格赛阶段长：T1 阶段 2 > T1 阶段 1，p < 0.05（ES = 0.469；小效应）和 T2 阶段 2 > T2 阶段 1，（p < 0.05），（ES = 0.486；小效应）；（3）除了 500 公斤级的 T1 和 640 公斤级的 T2 之外，所有重量都存在 T1 和 T2 的统计学差异（p < 0.005）；（4）世界锦标赛之间的比较没有显示出拉绳持续时间的显著变化；（5）然而，在女性中，T1 观察到 2010 年世界锦标赛和其余锦标赛之间的显著差异（p < 0.05）；（6）在设计准备工作时，我们应该考虑到那些在比赛中遇到的最大体积，当 11 支队伍相互竞争时，我们应该考虑到这些体积。
这是室内 TOW 比赛现实的第一个方面，特别是比赛的持续时间，这使我们更好地了解了这项运动的需求和所需的努力类型。这些想法可能有助于教练设计训练计划，最大限度地提高其针对性和有效性。
