中国东北地区九个城市挥发性有机化合物的质量浓度、来源及健康风险评估
Mass Concentration, Source and Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Nine Cities of Northeast China.
机构信息
Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
National-Regional Engineering Center for Recovery of Waste Gases from Metallurgical and Chemical Industries, Kunming 650500, China.
出版信息
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 18;19(8):4915. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19084915.
From April 2008 to July 2009, ambient measurements of 58 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics, were conducted in nine industrial cities (Shenyang, Fushun, Changchun, Jilin, Harbin, Daqing, Huludao, Anshan and Tianjin) of the Northeast Region, China (NRC). Daqing had the highest concentration of VOCs (519.68 ± 309.88 μg/m3), followed by Changchun (345.01 ± 170.52 μg/m3), Harbin (231.14 ± 46.69 μg/m3), Jilin (221.63 ± 34.32 μg/m3), Huludao (195.92 ± 103.26 μg/m3), Fushun (135.43 ± 46.01 μg/m3), Anshan (109.68 ± 23.27 μg/m3), Tianjin (104.31 ± 46.04 μg/m3), Shenyang (75.2 ± 40.09 μg/m3). Alkanes constituted the largest percentage (>40%) in concentrations of the quantified VOCs in NRC, and the exception was Tianjin dominated by aromatics (about 52.34%). Although alkanes were the most abundant VOCs at the cities, the most important VOCs contributing to ozone formation potential (OFP) were alkenes and aromatics. Changchun had the highest OFP (537.3 μg/m3), Tianjin had the lowest OFP (111.7 μg/m3). The main active species contributing to OFP in the nine cities were C2C6 alkanes, C7C8 aromatic hydrocarbons, individual cities (Daqing) contained n-hexane, propane and other alkane species. Correlation between individual hydrocarbons, B/T ratio and principal component analysis model (PCA) were deployed to explore the source contributions. The results showed that the source of vehicle exhausts was one of the primary sources of VOCs in all nine cities. Additionally, individual cities, such as Daqing, petrochemical industry was founded to be an important source of VOCs. The results gained from this study provided a large of useful information for better understanding the characteristics and sources of ambient VOCs incities of NRC. The non-carcinogenic risk values of the nine cities were within the safe range recognized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (HQ < 1), and the lifetime carcinogenic risk values of benzene were 3.82 × 10−5~1.28 × 10−4, which were higher than the safety range specified by the US Environmental Protection Agency (R < 1.00 × 10−6). The results of risk values indicated that there was a risk of cancer in these cities.
从 2008 年 4 月到 2009 年 7 月，在中国东北地区的 9 个工业城市（沈阳、抚顺、长春、吉林、哈尔滨、大庆、葫芦岛、鞍山和天津）进行了 58 种挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的环境测量，包括烷烃、烯烃和芳烃。大庆的 VOCs 浓度最高（519.68 ± 309.88 μg/m3），其次是长春（345.01 ± 170.52 μg/m3）、哈尔滨（231.14 ± 46.69 μg/m3）、吉林（221.63 ± 34.32 μg/m3）、葫芦岛（195.92 ± 103.26 μg/m3）、抚顺（135.43 ± 46.01 μg/m3）、鞍山（109.68 ± 23.27 μg/m3）、天津（104.31 ± 46.04 μg/m3）、沈阳（75.2 ± 40.09 μg/m3）。在 NRC 中，烷烃在量化 VOCs 的浓度中占比最大（>40%），而天津则以芳烃（约 52.34%）为主。尽管烷烃是城市中最丰富的 VOCs，但对臭氧形成潜力（OFP）贡献最大的 VOCs 是烯烃和芳烃。长春的 OFP 最高（537.3 μg/m3），天津的 OFP 最低（111.7 μg/m3）。九个城市中对 OFP 贡献最大的活性物质是 C2C6 烷烃、C7C8 芳烃，个别城市（大庆）含有正己烷、丙烷等烷烃物质。通过对个别烃类、B/T 比和主成分分析模型（PCA）的相关性分析，探讨了来源贡献。结果表明，汽车尾气是所有九个城市 VOCs 的主要来源之一。此外，个别城市（如大庆）的石化工业是 VOCs 的重要来源。本研究结果为更好地了解 NRC 城市环境 VOCs 的特征和来源提供了大量有用信息。九个城市的非致癌风险值均在美国环境保护署（HQ<1）认可的安全范围内，苯的终身致癌风险值为 3.82×10−5~1.28×10−4，高于美国环境保护署（R<1.00×10−6）规定的安全范围。风险值的结果表明，这些城市存在癌症风险。
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