Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610068, China.
The Faculty of Geography and Resources Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 18;19(8):4920. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19084920.
Protected areas constitute a global strategic resource for enhancing the effectiveness of ecological protection, which can alleviate the impact of unsustainable human production and living activities on the ecological environment. However, the spatiotemporal evolution of ecological protection effectiveness needs to be quantitatively revealed. The net primary productivity (NPP) of plants is an important measure of the effectiveness of ecological protection efforts. The main purpose of this study is to use the relative change in the annual average NPP to evaluate the ecological protection effectiveness of protected areas. We compared the historical changes in the annual average NPP of protected areas in Sichuan Province from 2000 to 2019. We added the spatial coordinates to the impact factor system and adopted propensity score matching (PSM) in a quasi-natural experimental method to determine the experimental group and the control group. The ecological protection effectiveness of the protected areas in the study area in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2019 was measured and classified into three types of changes in protection effectiveness, namely effective, ineffective, or fluctuating. According to the administrative level, type, and spatial distribution, we determined the number and type of changes in the protection effectiveness of different protected areas. The results show that the annual average NPP of the protected areas in Sichuan Province generally fluctuated. The annual average NPP increased in 95.47% of the total protected area and decreased in 4.53%. The overall protection effectiveness of protected areas was positive and significant and gradually improved. Effective protected areas at the national, provincial, and county levels accounted for 40.27% of the total number of protected areas, and the other 14.77% of effective protected area was managed at other administrative levels. Among the different types of protected areas, the proportion of effective protected areas was highest in wild animal protected areas, followed by forest ecology protected areas, wild plant protected areas, and wetland ecology protected areas. The results of this study can provide an important reference for the verification and improvement of the ecological protection effectiveness of various protected areas.
保护区是增强生态保护有效性的全球战略资源，可以缓解不可持续的人类生产和生活活动对生态环境的影响。然而，生态保护有效性的时空演变需要定量揭示。植物的净初级生产力（NPP）是衡量生态保护努力成效的重要指标。本研究的主要目的是利用植物年平均 NPP 的相对变化来评估保护区的生态保护成效。我们比较了 2000 年至 2019 年四川省保护区的年平均 NPP 的历史变化。我们将空间坐标添加到影响因素系统中，并采用倾向得分匹配（PSM）在准自然实验方法中确定实验组和对照组。测量了研究区域内保护区在 2000 年、2005 年、2010 年、2015 年和 2019 年的生态保护成效，并将其分为保护成效有效、无效或波动三种变化类型。根据行政级别、类型和空间分布，确定了不同保护区保护成效变化的数量和类型。结果表明，四川省保护区的年平均 NPP 普遍波动。在总面积的 95.47%中，年平均 NPP 增加，而在 4.53%中减少。保护区的整体保护成效为正且显著，并逐渐提高。国家级、省级和县级保护区的有效保护区分别占保护区总数的 40.27%，其他 14.77%的有效保护区由其他行政级别管理。在不同类型的保护区中，野生动物保护区的有效保护区比例最高，其次是森林生态保护区、野生植物保护区和湿地生态保护区。本研究的结果可为各种保护区生态保护成效的验证和改进提供重要参考。
