Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Nutrients. 2022 Apr 14;14(8):1639. doi: 10.3390/nu14081639.
The molecular complexity of the carbohydrates consumed by humans has been deceptively oversimplified due to a lack of analytical methods that possess the throughput, sensitivity, and resolution required to provide quantitative structural information. However, such information is becoming an integral part of understanding how specific glycan structures impact health through their interaction with the gut microbiome and host physiology. This work presents a detailed catalogue of the glycans present in complementary foods commonly consumed by toddlers during weaning and foods commonly consumed by American adults. The monosaccharide compositions of over 800 foods from diverse food groups including Fruits, Vegetables, Grain Products, Beans, Peas, Other Legumes, Nuts, Seeds; Sugars, Sweets and Beverages; Animal Products, and more were obtained and used to construct the "Davis Food Glycopedia" (DFG), an open-access database that provides quantitative structural information on the carbohydrates in food. While many foods within the same group possessed similar compositions, hierarchical clustering analysis revealed similarities between different groups as well. Such a Glycopedia can be used to formulate diets rich in specific monosaccharide residues to provide a more targeted modulation of the gut microbiome, thereby opening the door for a new class of prophylactic or therapeutic diets.
由于缺乏具有所需通量、灵敏度和分辨率的分析方法，人类所消耗的碳水化合物的分子复杂性被人为地过分简化了，而这些方法可提供定量结构信息。然而，此类信息正成为理解特定聚糖结构如何通过与肠道微生物组和宿主生理学相互作用来影响健康的一个不可或缺的部分。本工作详细列出了幼儿断奶期间常吃的补充食品和美国成年人常吃的食品中的聚糖。从包括水果、蔬菜、谷物产品、豆类、豌豆、其他豆类、坚果、种子；糖、甜食和饮料；动物产品在内的多个食物组中，获取了 800 多种食物的单糖组成，并用于构建“戴维斯食物糖图谱”（Davis Food Glycopedia，DFG），这是一个开放获取的数据库，提供了有关食物中碳水化合物的定量结构信息。尽管同一组中的许多食物具有相似的组成，但层次聚类分析揭示了不同组之间也存在相似之处。这样的糖图谱可用于制定富含特定单糖残基的饮食，以更有针对性地调节肠道微生物组，从而为一类新的预防性或治疗性饮食开辟了道路。
