USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA.
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
J Nutr. 2023 Jan;153(1):106-119. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.12.008. Epub 2022 Dec 26.
Current assessment of dietary carbohydrates does not adequately reflect the nutritional properties and effects on gut microbial structure and function. Deeper characterization of food carbohydrate composition can serve to strengthen the link between diet and gastrointestinal health outcomes.
The present study aims to characterize the monosaccharide composition of diets in a healthy US adult cohort and use these features to assess the relationship between monosaccharide intake, diet quality, characteristics of the gut microbiota, and gastrointestinal inflammation.
This observational, cross-sectional study enrolled males and females across age (18-33 y, 34-49 y, and 50-65 y) and body mass index (normal, 18.5-24.99 kg/m; overweight, 25-29.99 kg/m; and obese, 30-44 kg/m) categories. Recent dietary intake was assessed by the automated self-administered 24-h dietary recall system, and gut microbiota were assessed with shotgun metagenome sequencing. Dietary recalls were mapped to the Davis Food Glycopedia to estimate monosaccharide intake. Participants with >75% of carbohydrate intake mappable to the glycopedia were included (N = 180).
Diversity of monosaccharide intake was positively associated with the total Healthy Eating Index score (Pearson's r = 0.520, P = 1.2 × 10) and negatively associated with fecal neopterin (Pearson's r = -0.247, P = 3.0 × 10). Comparing high with low intake of specific monosaccharides revealed differentially abundant taxa (Wald test, P < 0.05), which was associated with the functional capacity to break down these monomers (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, P < 0.05).
Monosaccharide intake was associated with diet quality, gut microbial diversity, microbial metabolism, and gastrointestinal inflammation in healthy adults. As specific food sources were rich in particular monosaccharides, it may be possible in the future to tailor diets to fine-tune the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal function. This trial is registered at www.
gov as NCT02367287.
目前对膳食碳水化合物的评估不能充分反映其营养特性以及对肠道微生物结构和功能的影响。更深入地描述食物碳水化合物组成可以加强饮食与胃肠道健康结果之间的联系。
本研究旨在描述美国健康成年人队列饮食中的单糖组成，并利用这些特征来评估单糖摄入、饮食质量、肠道微生物群特征和胃肠道炎症之间的关系。
这项观察性、横断面研究纳入了年龄在 18-33 岁、34-49 岁和 50-65 岁以及体重指数（正常，18.5-24.99kg/m；超重，25-29.99kg/m；肥胖，30-44kg/m）范围内的男性和女性。通过自动自我管理的 24 小时膳食回顾系统评估近期的膳食摄入量，并用 shotgun 宏基因组测序评估肠道微生物群。膳食回顾被映射到 Davis 食物糖图谱以估计单糖摄入量。将碳水化合物摄入量>75%可映射到糖图谱的参与者纳入（N=180）。
单糖摄入量的多样性与总健康饮食指数评分呈正相关（Pearson's r=0.520，P=1.2×10），与粪便新蝶呤呈负相关（Pearson's r=-0.247，P=3.0×10）。比较高摄入量与低摄入量的特定单糖发现了差异丰富的分类群（Wald 检验，P<0.05），这与分解这些单体的功能能力有关（Wilcoxon 秩和检验，P<0.05）。
单糖摄入与健康成年人的饮食质量、肠道微生物多样性、微生物代谢和胃肠道炎症有关。由于特定食物来源富含特定的单糖，因此未来可能可以通过调整饮食来微调肠道微生物群和胃肠道功能。该试验在 www.clinicaltrials.gov 注册，编号为 NCT02367287。
