Kryeziu Arjeta, Slovák Václav, Parchaňská Alžběta
Department of Chemistry, University of Ostrava, 30. Dubna 22, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), UMR 7361 CNRS-UHA, Université de Haute-Alsace, 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Apr 16;14(8):1621. doi: 10.3390/polym14081621.
Cellulose is a renewable resource for the production of advanced carbonaceous materials for various applications. In addition to direct carbonization, attention has recently been paid to the preparation of porous carbons from liquid cellulose-based precursors. Possible pathways of cellulose conversion to a liquid state suitable for the preparation of porous carbons are summarized in this review. Hydrothermal liquefaction leading to liquid mixtures of low-molecular-weight organics is described in detail together with less common decomposition techniques (microwave or ultrasound assisted liquefaction, decomposition in a strong gravitation field). We also focus on dissolution of cellulose without decomposition, with special attention paid to dissolution of nonderivatized cellulose. For this purpose, cold alkalines, hot acids, ionic liquids, or alcohols are commonly used.
纤维素是一种可再生资源，可用于生产各种用途的先进碳质材料。除了直接碳化外，最近人们还关注从液态纤维素基前驱体制备多孔碳。本文综述了纤维素转化为适合制备多孔碳的液态的可能途径。详细描述了导致低分子量有机物液体混合物的水热液化以及不太常见的分解技术（微波或超声辅助液化、强重力场中的分解）。我们还关注纤维素在不分解情况下的溶解，特别关注未衍生化纤维素的溶解。为此，通常使用冷碱、热酸、离子液体或醇类。
