Laboratory of Virology, "Lazzaro Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy.
Department of Biology and Biotechnology 'C. Darwin', Sapienza University, 00100 Rome, Italy.
Viruses. 2022 Apr 1;14(4):748. doi: 10.3390/v14040748.
About two years have passed since the identification of SARS-CoV-2 in China. The rapid spread of this virus all over the world and its high transmissibility and pathogenicity in humans have resulted in a global pandemic. The negative impact of COVID-19 on health, society and the economy at the global level has pushed researchers and pharmaceutical companies to develop effective vaccines to fight SARS-CoV-2. Thanks to this collaborative effort, the first COVID-19 vaccine was developed in less than a year. Since then, several COVID-19 vaccines have been validated for use by the World Health Organization. Among these, mRNA- (BNT162b2 and mRNA1273) and adenovirus-based (ChAdOx1) vaccines were developed through the use of novel technologies. While all three of these vaccines have shown effectiveness against the COVID-19 disease and their immunogenicity was characterized in clinical trials in the general population, data on their efficacy and immunogenicity in people living with HIV (PLWH) are limited. In this review, we provide a description of the characteristics of mRNA- and adenovirus-based vaccines and of the immune response elicited in the general population by vaccination. Then we describe the use of these vaccines and their efficacy and immunogenicity in people living with HIV and we conclude with a discussion regarding some open questions concerning the use of mRNA- and adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines in PLWH.
自在中国发现 SARS-CoV-2 以来，大约已经过去了两年。这种病毒在全球范围内的迅速传播，以及它在人类中的高传染性和致病性，导致了全球大流行。COVID-19 在全球范围内对健康、社会和经济造成的负面影响促使研究人员和制药公司开发出有效的疫苗来对抗 SARS-CoV-2。由于这种合作努力，第一种 COVID-19 疫苗在不到一年的时间内就开发出来了。从那时起，世界卫生组织已经验证了几种 COVID-19 疫苗可以使用。其中，mRNA-（BNT162b2 和 mRNA1273）和腺病毒载体（ChAdOx1）疫苗是通过使用新型技术开发的。虽然这三种疫苗都显示出对 COVID-19 疾病的有效性，并且在普通人群的临床试验中对其免疫原性进行了特征描述，但在 HIV 感染者（PLWH）中，它们的疗效和免疫原性的数据有限。在这篇综述中，我们描述了 mRNA 和腺病毒载体疫苗的特点以及接种疫苗在普通人群中引起的免疫反应。然后，我们描述了这些疫苗在 HIV 感染者中的使用情况及其疗效和免疫原性，并就一些关于在 PLWH 中使用 mRNA 和腺病毒载体 COVID-19 疫苗的开放性问题进行了讨论。
