Yu Sunquan, Fan Chengguang, Zhao Yong
College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Apr 14;22(8):3003. doi: 10.3390/s22083003.
Hyper-velocity impact (HVI) caused by a collision between orbital debris and spacecraft exists widely in outer space, and it poses a threat to spacecraft. This paper proposes a probabilistic hyperbola method based on Lamb waves analysis to detect and locate the impact in stiffened aluminum (Al) plates. A hybrid model using finite element analysis (FEA) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) was developed to gain an insight into characteristics of HVI-induced acoustic emission (AE) and shock wave propagation. In addition, an experimental validation was carried out with a two-stage light gas gun, giving an aluminum projectile a velocity of several kilometers per second. Then a quantitative agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the correctness of the hybrid model and facilitating the explanation of received AE signals in experiments. Signal analysis shows that the shock wave quickly converts to a Lamb wave as it propagates from the HVI spot, and the zeroth-order symmetric wave mode (S0) dominates wave signal energy. The S0 wave is dispersive and shows a wide frequency range, with dominant magnitudes below 500 kHz. Finally, the HVI experiment results obtained with a light gas gun showed that the average location error could be less than 1 cm with only four sensors for a 1-square-meter stiffened metal plate.
轨道碎片与航天器之间的碰撞所导致的超高速撞击（HVI）在外层空间广泛存在，对航天器构成威胁。本文提出一种基于兰姆波分析的概率双曲线方法，用于检测和定位加筋铝板中的撞击。开发了一种结合有限元分析（FEA）和平滑粒子流体动力学（SPH）的混合模型，以深入了解HVI诱发的声发射（AE）和冲击波传播特性。此外，使用二级轻气炮进行了实验验证，使铝制弹丸获得每秒数公里的速度。然后在数值和实验结果之间取得了定量一致性，证明了混合模型的正确性，并有助于解释实验中接收到的AE信号。信号分析表明，冲击波从HVI点传播时迅速转换为兰姆波，零阶对称波模式（S0）主导波信号能量。S0波具有色散性，频率范围较宽，主导幅度低于500kHz。最后，用轻气炮进行的HVI实验结果表明，对于1平方米的加筋金属板，仅使用四个传感器时，平均定位误差可小于1厘米。
