Cui Yangyang, Zhang Gen, Wang Wei, Shen Yan, Zhai Xiaoman, Wu Xuefang, Li Renfei, Wu Bobo, Xue Yifeng
National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China.
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2022 Apr;114:391-400. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.09.017. Epub 2022 Feb 22.
The incineration of sacrificial offerings is a significant widely practiced custom that is also a kind of neglected air pollution source in China. Our results showed that the emission factors of particulate matter, SO, CO, NO, and VOCs emitted from the incineration of sacrificial offerings with purification systems were reduced by 95%, 19%, 9%, 82%, and 42%, respectively, compared with those without a purification system, revealing a significant effect of the flue gas purification system on reducing particulate matter and gaseous pollutants. The emission level of air pollutants from the incineration of sacrificial offerings remained stable before 2013 and then showed a remarkable decrease after the implementation of China´s Air Pollution Prevention Action Plan in 2013. The emissions of TSP (total suspended particulate), PM, PM, and NO in 2009 were 8222, 6106, 5656 and 15,878 ton, respectively, obviously higher than 3434, 2551, 2305 and 8579 ton in 2019. Such trend was affected by both the quantity of incineration and the installation rate of purification systems after the Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Crematory (GB 13801-2015) issued in China. Distinct spatial distribution of atmospheric pollutants from incineration of sacrificial offerings was found with higher in the east and south of China than the west and north of China, which is proportional to the regional economy and population. The maximum ground-level concentration typically occurred at 0.12-0.2 km from the pollution source, posing potential health risks to people entering and exiting funeral and burial sites and nearby residents.
焚烧祭祀用品是一种广泛存在的重要习俗，也是中国一种被忽视的空气污染来源。我们的研究结果表明，与没有净化系统的祭祀用品焚烧相比，带有净化系统的祭祀用品焚烧排放的颗粒物、SO、CO、NO和挥发性有机物（VOCs）的排放因子分别降低了95%、19%、9%、82%和42%，这表明烟气净化系统在减少颗粒物和气态污染物方面具有显著效果。祭祀用品焚烧产生的空气污染物排放水平在2013年之前保持稳定，在中国2013年实施《大气污染防治行动计划》之后则显著下降。2009年总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）、PM、PM和NO的排放量分别为8222吨、6106吨、5656吨和15878吨，明显高于2019年的3434吨、2551吨、2305吨和8579吨。在中国发布《火葬场大气污染物排放标准》（GB 13801 - 2015）之后，这种趋势受到焚烧量和净化系统安装率的共同影响。发现祭祀用品焚烧产生的大气污染物具有明显的空间分布特征，中国东部和南部高于西部和北部，这与区域经济和人口成正比。地面最大浓度通常出现在距离污染源0.12 - 0.2公里处，对进出丧葬场所的人员和附近居民构成潜在健康风险。
