Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Clin Anat. 2022 Oct;35(7):906-926. doi: 10.1002/ca.23896. Epub 2022 Apr 29.
This study aimed to establish the most accurate and up-to-date anatomical knowledge of pulmonary veins (PV), ostia variations, diameters and ostial area, to provide physicians, especially heart and thoracic surgeons with exact knowledge concerning this area. The main online medical databases, such as PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, were searched to gather all studies in which the variations, maximal diameter, and ostial area of the PVs were investigated. During the study, the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Additionally, the critical appraisal tool for anatomical meta-analysis (CATAM) was used to provide the highest quality findings. The most common ostia variation is the classical one, which contains the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV), right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) and right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV). The mean diameter and ostial area of each pulmonary vein were established in the general population and in multiple variations considering the method of collecting the data and geographical location. Significant variability in PV ostia is observed. Left-sided PVs have smaller ostia than the corresponding right-sided PVs, and the inferior PVs ostia are smaller than the superior. The LCPV ostium size is the largest among all veins analyzed, while the RMPV ostium is the smallest. The results of this meta-analysis are hoped to help clinicians in planning and performing procedures that involve the pulmonary and cardiac areas, especially catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation.
本研究旨在建立最准确和最新的肺静脉（PV）解剖学知识，包括肺静脉口变异、直径和口面积，为医生，特别是心脏和胸外科医生提供该区域的确切知识。主要在线医学数据库，如 PubMed、Embase、Scopus、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar，被用来收集所有研究，这些研究调查了 PV 的变异、最大直径和口面积。在研究过程中，遵循了系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南。此外，还使用了解剖学荟萃分析的关键评估工具（CATAM）来提供最高质量的发现。最常见的肺静脉口变异是经典变异，包含左肺上静脉（LSPV）、左肺下静脉（LIPV）、右肺上静脉（RSPV）和右肺下静脉（RIPV）。在一般人群中和在考虑数据收集方法和地理位置的多种变异中，确定了每个肺静脉的平均直径和口面积。PV 口的变异性很大。左侧 PV 的口比相应的右侧 PV 小，下侧 PV 的口比上侧小。左肺下后静脉（LCPV）口的大小在所有分析的静脉中最大，而右肺下后静脉（RMPV）口的大小最小。希望本荟萃分析的结果能帮助临床医生计划和执行涉及肺和心脏区域的手术，特别是房颤的导管消融。
