Machado Diana A, Ontiveros Alejandra E, Behringer Richard R
Department of Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, United States.
Department of Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
Curr Top Dev Biol. 2022;148:51-77. doi: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2021.12.004. Epub 2022 Mar 28.
In eutherian and marsupial mammals, the site of embryo implantation and gestation is the uterus. Uterine morphologies vary between mammalian species. For example, laboratory mice have a bipartite uterus with two uterine horns and a single cervix, whereas humans have a simplex uterus with a single chamber and single cervix. The precursor tissue of the uterus, oviducts, and upper vagina is the Müllerian duct epithelium and its adjacent mesenchyme. Morphological variation between species is established during embryogenesis by species-specific differences in Müllerian duct fusion at the midline, growth, and differentiation. In humans, alterations in Müllerian duct development can lead to variations in uterine morphology that correlate with increased risks of miscarriage and infertility. Here we review the developmental genetic factors that regulate Müllerian duct development, uterine morphogenesis, and human uterine variation.
在有胎盘哺乳动物和有袋类哺乳动物中，胚胎着床和妊娠的部位是子宫。不同哺乳动物物种的子宫形态各异。例如，实验小鼠有一个双叶子宫，有两个子宫角和一个单一的子宫颈，而人类有一个单腔子宫，有一个单一的腔室和单一的子宫颈。子宫、输卵管和上阴道的前体组织是苗勒管上皮及其相邻的间充质。物种之间的形态差异在胚胎发育过程中由中线处苗勒管融合、生长和分化的物种特异性差异所决定。在人类中，苗勒管发育的改变会导致子宫形态的变化，这些变化与流产和不孕风险的增加相关。在这里，我们综述了调节苗勒管发育、子宫形态发生和人类子宫变异的发育遗传因素。
