Graduate Program in Natural Disasters, Unesp/Cemaden, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Natural Disasters, Unesp/Cemaden, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 20;835:155386. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155386. Epub 2022 Apr 21.
Wildfires are behaving differently now compared to other time in history in relation to frequency, intensity and affected ecosystems. In Brazil, unprecedented fires are being experienced in the last decade. Thus, to prevent and minimize similar disasters, we must better understand the natural and human drivers of such extreme events. The Brazilian Pantanal is the largest contiguous wetland in the world and a complex environmental system. In 2020, Pantanal experienced catastrophic wildfires due to the synergy between climate, inadequate fire management strategies and weak environmental regulations. In this study, we analyzed recent patterns and changes in fire behavior across the Pantanal based on land use and cover (LULC) classes. The inter-annual variability of the fire and land cover changes between 2000 and 2021 was assessed using BA from MCD64A1 V.6 product and LULC data from Landsat satellite. Our work reveals that fires in the Pantanal over the last two decades tended to occur more frequently in grassland than in others land cover types, but the 2020 fires have preferentially burned forest regions. Large fire patches are more frequent in forest and grasslands; in contrast, croplands exhibit small patches. The results highlight that a broad scale analysis does not reflect distinct localized patterns, thus stratified and refined studies are required. Our work contributes as a first step to disentangling the role of anthropogenic-related drivers, namely LULC changes, in shaping the fire regime in the Pantanal biome. This is crucial not only to predict future fire activity but also to guide appropriated fire management in the region.
与历史上其他时期相比，现在的野火在频率、强度和受影响的生态系统方面表现出不同的特征。在巴西，过去十年中出现了前所未有的火灾。因此，为了预防和尽量减少类似的灾害，我们必须更好地理解这些极端事件的自然和人为驱动因素。巴西潘塔纳尔是世界上最大的连续湿地和一个复杂的环境系统。2020 年，由于气候、不适当的火灾管理策略和薄弱的环境法规之间的协同作用，潘塔纳尔发生了灾难性的野火。在这项研究中，我们根据土地利用和覆盖（LULC）类别分析了潘塔纳尔地区最近的火灾行为模式和变化。使用 MCD64A1 V.6 产品的 BA 和 Landsat 卫星的 LULC 数据，评估了 2000 年至 2021 年期间火灾和土地覆盖变化的年际可变性。我们的研究表明，在过去二十年中，潘塔纳尔的火灾比其他土地覆盖类型更频繁地发生在草原上，但 2020 年的火灾更倾向于燃烧森林地区。大火区在森林和草原上更为频繁；相比之下，耕地则表现出小面积的火灾区。结果表明，大规模分析并不能反映出明显的局部模式，因此需要进行分层和精细化的研究。我们的工作作为第一步，有助于理清与人为相关的驱动因素，即土地利用和覆盖变化，在塑造潘塔纳尔生物群落的火灾模式方面的作用。这不仅对于预测未来的火灾活动至关重要，而且对于指导该地区的适当火灾管理也至关重要。
