Makhanova Anastasia
Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, 216 Memorial Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
Evol Psychol Sci. 2022;8(3):333-342. doi: 10.1007/s40806-022-00321-4. Epub 2022 Apr 18.
Pathogen avoidance has been linked to biases against various groups of people, including ethnic outgroups. The present research explored how a non-hypothetical pathogen threat associated with a specific foreign ecology may differentially prompt biases against different ethnic groups. Two studies used an experimental design to examine how the salience of the COVID-19 threat (in early 2020, before COVID-19 was labeled a pandemic) affected perceptions of targets from different racial groups. Study 1 ( = 375; Prime Panels) found that participants in the COVID-19 threat condition, compared to those in the non-pathogen threat condition, perceived all social targets to be more contagious, with the effect being stronger for Asian targets relative to Latino, Black, and White targets. Study 2 ( = 167; undergraduate sample) found that participants in the COVID-19 threat condition, compared to those in the non-pathogen threat condition, were more likely to categorize Asian (but not Latino, Black, or White) targets as outgroup members in a modified minimal group paradigm. Data suggest that the patterns of biases prompted by pathogen avoidance may dynamically change depending on salient heuristic associations.
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40806-022-00321-4.
避免病原体已与对包括族裔外群体在内的各类人群的偏见联系起来。本研究探讨了与特定外国生态相关的非假设性病原体威胁如何不同程度地引发对不同种族群体的偏见。两项研究采用实验设计来检验新冠疫情威胁（2020年初，在新冠疫情被列为大流行之前）的显著性如何影响对不同种族群体目标的认知。研究1（N = 375；Prime Panels）发现，与非病原体威胁条件下的参与者相比，处于新冠疫情威胁条件下的参与者认为所有社会目标更具传染性，对亚洲目标的影响相对于拉丁裔、黑人和白人目标更强。研究2（N = 167；本科生样本）发现，与非病原体威胁条件下的参与者相比，处于新冠疫情威胁条件下的参与者在改良的最小群体范式中更有可能将亚洲（而非拉丁裔、黑人或白人）目标归类为外群体成员。数据表明，由避免病原体引发的偏见模式可能会根据显著的启发式关联而动态变化。
在线版本包含可在10.1007/s40806-022-00321-4获取的补充材料。
