Li Ming, Zhao Xuyang, Xie Jiayuan, Tong Xinyu, Shan Junwei, Shi Mijuan, Wang Guangxin, Ye Weidong, Liu Yuhang, Unger Bruno Hamish, Cheng Yingyin, Zhang Wanting, Wu Nan, Xia Xiao-Qin
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.
Front Physiol. 2022 Apr 6;13:831226. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.831226. eCollection 2022.
To help prevent foodborne enteritis in aquaculture, several feed additives, such as herbal medicine, have been added to fish diets. Predictions of effective herb medicines for treating fish foodborne enteritis from key regulated DEGs (differentially expressed genes) in transcriptomic data can aid in the development of feed additives using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database. Seabuckthorn has been assessed as a promising candidate for treating grass carp soybean-induced enteritis (SBMIE). In the present study, the SBMIE zebrafish model was used to assess seabuckthorn's therapeutic or preventative effects. The results showed that intestinal and hepatic inflammation was reduced when seabuckthorn was added, either pathologically (improved intestinal villi morphology, less oil-drops) or growth-related (body fat deposition). Moreover, seabuckthorn may block the intestinal p53 signaling pathway, while activating the PPAR signaling pathway and fatty acid metabolism in the liver. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results also indicated a significant increase in OTU numbers and skewed overlapping with the fish meal group following the addition of seabuckthorn. Additionally, there were signs of altered gut microbiota taxa composition, particularly for reduced TM7, , and , following the addition of seabuckthorn. Hindgut imaging of fluorescent immune cells in SBMIE larvae revealed the immune regulatory mechanisms at the cellular level. Seabuckthorn may significantly inhibit the inflammatory gathering of neutrophils, macrophages, and mature T cells, as well as cellular protrusions' formation. On the other hand, in larvae, seabuckthorn inhibited the inflammatory aggregation of lck T cells but not immature lymphocytes, indicating that it affected intestinal adaptive immunity. Although seabuckthorn did not affect the distribution of intestinal CD4 cells, the number of hepatic CD4 cells were reduced in fish from the seabuckthorn supplementation group. Thus, the current data indicate that seabuckthorn may alleviate foodborne gut-liver symptoms by enhancing intestinal mucosal immunity and microbiota while simultaneously inhibiting hepatic adipose disposition, making it a potential additive for preventing fish foodborne gut-liver symptoms.
为预防水产养殖中的食源性肠炎，几种饲料添加剂，如草药，已被添加到鱼类饲料中。利用中药综合数据库，根据转录组数据中关键调控差异表达基因（DEGs）预测治疗鱼类食源性肠炎的有效草药，有助于饲料添加剂的开发。沙棘已被评估为治疗草鱼大豆诱导肠炎（SBMIE）的有前景的候选药物。在本研究中，使用SBMIE斑马鱼模型评估沙棘的治疗或预防效果。结果表明，添加沙棘后，肠道和肝脏炎症减轻，无论是病理方面（改善肠绒毛形态，减少油滴）还是生长相关方面（体脂沉积）。此外，沙棘可能阻断肠道p53信号通路，同时激活肝脏中的PPAR信号通路和脂肪酸代谢。16S rRNA基因测序结果还表明，添加沙棘后OTU数量显著增加，且与鱼粉组存在偏态重叠。此外，添加沙棘后，肠道微生物群分类组成有改变的迹象，特别是TM7减少。对SBMIE幼虫后肠荧光免疫细胞的成像揭示了细胞水平的免疫调节机制。沙棘可能显著抑制中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞和成熟T细胞的炎症聚集以及细胞突起的形成。另一方面，在幼虫中，沙棘抑制lck T细胞的炎症聚集，但不抑制未成熟淋巴细胞，表明它影响肠道适应性免疫。虽然沙棘不影响肠道CD4细胞的分布，但沙棘补充组鱼肝脏中CD4细胞的数量减少。因此，目前的数据表明，沙棘可能通过增强肠道黏膜免疫和微生物群，同时抑制肝脏脂肪沉积来缓解食源性肠-肝症状，使其成为预防鱼类食源性肠-肝症状的潜在添加剂。
