Pedagogical University of Krakow, Kraków, Poland (Department of Health Science, Institute of Social Affairs and Public Health).
Med Pr. 2022 Jun 20;73(3):191-199. doi: 10.13075/mp.5893.01250. Epub 2022 Apr 25.
The level of health literacy possessed by an individual (functional, communicative, critical) determines their ability to effectively self-manage a chronic disease. The aim of the study was to assess the level and functional, communicative, and critical determinants of health literacy in the group of chronically ill older adults.
The study was conducted on a representative sample of chronically ill people (N = 400) aged ≥65 years, living in Poland. Three levels of health literacy were measured on the basis of the scale (FCCHL), employed in Polish social research for the first time.
The conducted research showed that the average health literacy score of the surveyed older adults, measured on the basis of the FCCHL scale, was 2.81±0.71 (M±SD), whereas for the functional subscale of health literacy it was 3.06±0.58 (M±SD), for communicative health literacy it was 2.82±0.86 (M±SD), and for critical health literacy - 2.71±0.92 (M±SD). In terms of functional health literacy, the surveyed seniors most frequently reported problems with reading health-related information, resulting from the use of inadequate font size in information leaflets and brochures. Questions included in the subscale representing communicative health literacy revealed that the majority of the respondents understood the provided information about diseases, nevertheless they were reluctant to share thoughts about their health with other people. Within the framework of critical health literacy, one-third of the respondents did not search for any additional information, trusting that the information obtained was accurate and reliable.
The surveyed elderly people rated worse their level of communicative and critical health literacy compared to the functional level. As a consequence of the low level of communicative and critical health literacy of the surveyed older adults, a certain deficit in their self-managing a disease entity is forecast. Med Pr. 2022;73(3):191-9.
个体的健康素养水平（功能性、交际性、批判性）决定了他们有效自我管理慢性病的能力。本研究的目的是评估慢性病老年患者群体的健康素养水平及其功能性、交际性和批判性决定因素。
该研究在波兰对年龄≥65 岁的代表性慢性病患者样本（N=400）进行。首次在波兰社会研究中使用的量表（FCCHL）测量了三个健康素养水平。
研究表明，基于 FCCHL 量表测量的被调查老年人的平均健康素养评分为 2.81±0.71（M±SD），而功能性健康素养子量表得分为 3.06±0.58（M±SD），交际性健康素养得分为 2.82±0.86（M±SD），批判性健康素养得分为 2.71±0.92（M±SD）。在功能性健康素养方面，被调查的老年人最常报告阅读健康相关信息的问题，这是由于信息传单和小册子中使用的字体大小不合适所致。交际性健康素养子量表中的问题表明，大多数受访者理解提供的疾病信息，但他们不愿意与他人分享有关健康的想法。在批判性健康素养框架内，三分之一的受访者没有搜索任何其他信息，他们相信所获得的信息是准确和可靠的。
与功能性水平相比，被调查的老年人对其交际性和批判性健康素养水平的评价较差。由于被调查的老年患者交际性和批判性健康素养水平较低，预计他们在自我管理疾病方面会存在一定的缺陷。医学实践 2022；73（3）：191-9。
