Cardiomyopathy Unit Careggi University Hospital Florence Italy.
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of Florence Italy.
J Am Heart Assoc. 2022 May 3;11(9):e024947. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.024947. Epub 2022 Apr 26.
Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous collection of diseases that have in common primary functional and structural abnormalities of the heart muscle, often genetically determined. The most effective categorization of cardiomyopathies is based on the presenting phenotype, with hypertrophic, dilated, arrhythmogenic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy as the prototypes. Sex modulates the prevalence, morpho-functional manifestations and clinical course of cardiomyopathies. Aspects as diverse as ion channel expression and left ventricular remodeling differ in male and female patients with myocardial disease, although the reasons for this are poorly understood. Moreover, clinical differences may also result from complex societal/environmental discrepancies between sexes that may disadvantage women. This review provides a state-of-the-art appraisal of the influence of sex on cardiomyopathies, highlighting the many gaps in knowledge and open research questions.
心肌病是一组具有共同特征的疾病，即心肌的主要功能和结构异常，通常由遗传决定。心肌病最有效的分类方法基于临床表现，以肥厚型、扩张型、心律失常性和限制型心肌病为原型。性别调节着心肌病的患病率、形态功能表现和临床过程。尽管原因尚不清楚，但在患有心肌疾病的男性和女性患者中，离子通道表达和左心室重构等方面存在差异。此外，临床差异也可能源于性别之间复杂的社会/环境差异，这可能对女性不利。本综述对性别对心肌病的影响进行了最新评估，强调了知识上的许多差距和未解决的研究问题。
