Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
Qarebroun Sturgeon Culture Center, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022 Jun;125:101-108. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.031. Epub 2022 Apr 25.
Organic acids are active substances required for improving the productivity and wellbeing of aquatic animals. Herein, the study investigated the effects of sodium propionate on growth performance, antioxidative and immune responses, and growth-related genes expression in beluga sturgeon (Huso huso). For eight weeks, fish fed sodium propionate at 0, 1.2, 2.5, and 5 g kg. The final weight, weight gain, and SGR were substantially increased while FCR decreased by dietary sodium propionate at 2.5 and 5 g kg (P < 0.05). The expression of Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was markedly upregulated (P < 0.05) by dietary sodium propionate in the gills and livers of beluga. The highest mRNA level of GH and IGF-1 has been observed in fish fed a 2.5 g sodium propionate/kg diet. The red blood cells count, and hemoglobin level were meaningfully increased (P < 0.05) by 2.5 and 5 g sodium propionate/kg diet compared with 0 and 1.2 g kg levels. Further, the hematocrit level was increased (P < 0.05) by a dietary 5 g sodium propionate/kg diet. The total protein level and lysozyme activity were meaningfully increased (P < 0.05) by 2.5 and 5 g sodium propionate/kg diet compared with 0 and 1.2 g kg levels. The highest superoxide dismutase was observed in fish fed 2.5 g sodium propionate/kg diet. Catalase activity was significantly higher in fish fed 5 g kg than 1.2 g kg. The glutathione peroxidase activity was markedly higher in fish fed 2.5, and 5 g kg than fish fed control diet. The lowest malondialdehyde levels were observed in fish fed 1.2, and 2.5 g sodium propionate/kg diets. Moreover, the highest mucosal total protein, total immunoglobulin and lysozyme were recorded in fish fed 2.5, and 5 g sodium propionate/kg diets. The obtained results indicate that dietary sodium propionate is recommended at 2.5-5 g kg to improve beluga sturgeon's growth performance, feed utilization, and wellbeing.
有机酸是提高水生动物生产力和福利所必需的活性物质。在此，研究了丙酸钠对施氏鲟（Huso huso）生长性能、抗氧化和免疫反应以及生长相关基因表达的影响。在 8 周的时间里，鱼饲料中的丙酸钠含量分别为 0、1.2、2.5 和 5g/kg。终重、增重和特定生长率显著增加，而饲料中丙酸钠含量为 2.5 和 5g/kg 时，饲料转化率降低（P<0.05）。在施氏鲟的鳃和肝脏中，生长激素（GH）和胰岛素样生长因子 1（IGF-1）的表达明显上调（P<0.05）。在 2.5g/kg 丙酸钠饮食组中观察到 GH 和 IGF-1 的最高 mRNA 水平。红细胞计数和血红蛋白水平显著升高（P<0.05），而 2.5 和 5g/kg 丙酸钠饮食组的红细胞压积水平升高（P<0.05）。丙酸钠饮食 5g/kg 组总蛋白水平和溶菌酶活性显著升高（P<0.05）。丙酸钠饮食 2.5 和 5g/kg 组超氧化物歧化酶最高。丙酸钠饮食 5g/kg 组过氧化氢酶活性显著高于 1.2g/kg 组。丙酸钠饮食 2.5 和 5g/kg 组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性明显高于对照组。丙酸钠饮食 1.2 和 2.5g/kg 组丙二醛水平最低。此外，丙酸钠饮食 2.5 和 5g/kg 组的黏膜总蛋白、总免疫球蛋白和溶菌酶最高。研究结果表明，丙酸钠在 2.5-5g/kg 时可以提高施氏鲟的生长性能、饲料利用率和福利。
