Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W. Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Biomater Sci. 2022 May 17;10(10):2540-2549. doi: 10.1039/d2bm00315e.
Nanoparticles (NPs) have demonstrated great promise as immunotherapies for applications ranging from cancer, autoimmunity, and infectious disease. Upon encountering biological fluids, NPs rapidly adsorb biomolecules, forming the "biomolecular corona" (BC), and the altered character of NPs due to their newly acquired biological identity can impact their fate. Recently, it has been shown that the NP-BC is person-specific, and even minute differences in the biomolecule composition can give rise to altered immune recognition, cellular interactions, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution. Given the current rise in the development of NP-based therapeutics, it is of utmost importance to better understand how pre-existing conditions, that result in the formation of a personalized BC, can be leveraged to aid in the prediction of the therapeutic outcomes of NPs. In this minireview, we will discuss the formation of the BC, implications of the BC for NP-biological interactions, and its clinical importance in the context of immunomodulation and cancer therapeutics.
纳米粒子（NPs）在癌症、自身免疫和传染病等领域的免疫治疗中表现出巨大的应用潜力。NPs 在遇到生物流体时会迅速吸附生物分子，形成“生物分子冠”（BC），由于其新获得的生物学特性，NPs 的特性会发生改变，从而影响其命运。最近，研究表明 NP-BC 是个体特异性的，即使生物分子组成的微小差异也会导致免疫识别、细胞相互作用、药代动力学和生物分布的改变。鉴于目前基于 NP 的治疗方法的发展，了解导致形成个性化 BC 的现有条件如何被利用来帮助预测 NPs 的治疗效果至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论 BC 的形成、BC 对 NP-生物相互作用的影响及其在免疫调节和癌症治疗中的临床重要性。
