Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 11445 E. Via Linda 2-419, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA.
Molecular Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India.
Acta Parasitol. 2022 Sep;67(3):1107-1125. doi: 10.1007/s11686-022-00552-2. Epub 2022 Apr 27.
Immature Southwellina hispida (Van Cleave, 1925) Witenberg, 1932 from the body cavity of the paratenic host Gillichthys mirabilis Cooper (Gobiidae) in California are described.
New Scanning Electron images and features of micropores, hook and spine Gallium cut sections and chemistry using Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA), and molecular profile are provided for the first time. The 18S rDNA and mt Cox1 sequences were performed for molecular and phylogenetic study.
Our specimens were somewhat comparable to those reported from other paratenic hosts in Asia, Europe, and North and South America but varied in relative sizes of trunk and other structures, proboscis formula, and distribution of trunk spines. About 60 publications were reviewed of which one third included line drawings used for comparative morphometrics. In our specimens, the trunk measured 2.72-3.10 mm long by 0.92-1.07 mm wide and the proboscis 700-800 × 270-312 μm had 20-21 rows of 14-15 hooks each measuring 47-55 long by 12-15 μm wide at base anteriorly, 47-48 × 20-23 μm at middle bulge, and 43-50 × 13-20 μm basally. These measurements, among others were compared with measurements of juveniles from 13 other collections world-wide and intraspecific variability was noted especially in the shape of hook roots that were occasionally misinterpreted. EDXA showed hooks with high levels of Sulfur especially at the tip and edge of all hooks and low levels of Calcium and Phosphorus. Anterior spines had higher levels of Sodium but Gallium cut spine sections had higher levels of Calcium at middle and of Sulfur at base of spines. Micropores were variably distributed on the body wall and extended to the cortical layer of spines. Gene sequences of the 18S and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox 1) region were amplified for specimens of S. hispida. Molecular phylogenetic analysis inference from 18S rDNA and mt Cox1 gene sequences show a close relationship with previously reported myxozoan sequences available on GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis positioned our S. hispida in a well-supported clade including other members of Polymorphidae.
The present study combined morphological, morphometric and molecular data to identify S. hispida.
描述了来自加利福尼亚副宿主吉尔奇斯奇迹鱼（Gobiidae）体腔中的未成熟南梭威尔达希斯皮达（Van Cleave，1925）Witenberg，1932。
首次提供了新的扫描电子图像和微孔、钩和刺的特点、镓切割切片和化学分析，以及能量色散 X 射线分析（EDXA）的分子谱。进行了 18S rDNA 和 mt Cox1 序列的分子和系统发育研究。
我们的标本与亚洲、欧洲、北美和南美的其他副宿主报告的标本有些相似，但在躯干和其他结构的相对大小、吻部公式和躯干刺的分布上有所不同。大约有 60 篇出版物被审查，其中三分之一包括用于比较形态计量学的线图。在我们的标本中，躯干长 2.72-3.10 毫米，宽 0.92-1.07 毫米，吻部长 700-800μm×270-312μm，有 20-21 排 14-15 个钩，每个钩长 47-55μm，基部宽 12-15μm，中部膨大部分宽 47-48μm×20-23μm，基部宽 43-50μm×13-20μm。这些测量值与全球 13 个其他采集点的幼体的测量值进行了比较，并注意到种内变异性，特别是在钩根的形状上，钩根偶尔会被误解。EDXA 显示钩子的硫含量很高，尤其是在所有钩子的尖端和边缘，钙和磷含量低。前刺具有较高的钠含量，但镓切割刺的中段钙含量较高，基部硫含量较高。微孔在体壁上分布不均，并延伸到刺的皮质层。从 S. hispida 的标本中扩增了 18S 和线粒体细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 1（cox1）区的基因序列。18S rDNA 和 mt Cox1 基因序列的分子系统发育分析推断，与 GenBank 数据库中已报道的粘孢子虫序列密切相关。系统发育分析将我们的 S. hispida 定位在一个支持良好的分支中，包括多形科的其他成员。
本研究结合了形态学、形态计量学和分子数据来鉴定 S. hispida。
