Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol. 2022 Spring;71(1):9-20.
Understanding the immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is essential to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent studies indicate that vaccine-induced humoral immunity may not be long-lasting and is weaker in the elderly.
At the turn of June and July 2021, 653 seniors (426 women and 197 men with a mean age of 74 years) were tested once for antibodies against SARS-Cov-2 in the South Moravian Region between 9 and 161 days after the second dose of vaccine (558 Pfizer -BioNTech, 28 Moderna, 36 AstraZeneca, 1 Johnson & Johnson). Samples of the whole capillary blood were tested in two point-of-care iCHROMA II immunofluorescence assays: (1) COVID-19 Ab against mix of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike proteins (IgM Ab, IgG Ab) and (2) COVID-19 nAb against S1-RBD protein (nAb). Results were analysed in relation to gender, age, vaccine type, and past COVID-19 disease.
Our results show high variability in the antibody response but indicate an overall relatively weak and decreasing antibody response in the first six months after vaccination. Only 58.4% (95% CI: 54.6-62.3) of subjects had virus neutralizing antibodies (nAb). The level of nAb decreased with time from vaccination - at post-vaccination months 4 and 5, nAb were only detected in 41.1% (95% CI: 30.9-51.3) and 15.4% (95% CI: 1.5-29.3) of subjects, respectively. Vaccinees in older age groups, those vaccinated with AstraZeneca, and naive individuals showed a lower antibody response.
The antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in the elderly was relatively weak and decreased in the first six months after vaccination. Although humoral immunity is complex and cellular immune memory is a key element of the humoral response after exposure to the wild virus, our results suggest that vaccine-induced humoral immunity may not be long-lasting. The oldest koncenage groups who have not acquired natural SARS-CoV-2 infection are particularly at risk. This finding is relevant for adjusting vaccination strategies in selected population groups to include a booster dose. More research into the antibody response and the complex immune response after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 over longer time is needed.
了解接种 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗后的免疫反应对于控制 COVID-19 大流行至关重要。最近的研究表明，疫苗诱导的体液免疫可能不会持久，并且在老年人中较弱。
在 2021 年 6 月至 7 月之交，在第二次接种疫苗后 9 至 161 天内，对南摩拉维亚地区的 653 名老年人（426 名女性和 197 名男性，平均年龄 74 岁）进行了一次 SARS-CoV-2 抗体检测。使用两种即时 iCHROMA II 免疫荧光测定法对整个毛细血管血样本进行了测试：（1）针对 SARS-CoV-2 核衣壳和刺突蛋白混合物的 COVID-19 Ab（IgM Ab、IgG Ab）和（2）针对 S1-RBD 蛋白的 COVID-19 nAb（nAb）。根据性别、年龄、疫苗类型和既往 COVID-19 疾病对结果进行了分析。
我们的结果表明抗体反应存在很大的可变性，但表明接种疫苗后前六个月的抗体反应总体较弱且呈下降趋势。只有 58.4%（95%CI：54.6-62.3）的受试者具有病毒中和抗体（nAb）。nAb 的水平随时间从疫苗接种而下降-在接种后第 4 和第 5 个月，nAb 仅在 41.1%（95%CI：30.9-51.3）和 15.4%（95%CI：1.5-29.3）的受试者中检测到。年龄较大的疫苗接种者、接种阿斯利康疫苗的疫苗接种者和未感染者的抗体反应较低。
老年人对 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗的抗体反应相对较弱，并且在接种疫苗后的前六个月内下降。尽管体液免疫很复杂，细胞免疫记忆是暴露于野生病毒后体液反应的关键因素，但我们的结果表明，疫苗诱导的体液免疫可能不会持久。尚未获得自然 SARS-CoV-2 感染的最年长 koncenage 群体风险特别高。这一发现对于调整选定人群的疫苗接种策略以包括加强剂量具有重要意义。需要对 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗接种后的抗体反应和复杂免疫反应进行更长期的研究。
