Sayed Alaa El-Din H, Eid Zainab, Mahmoud Usama M, Lee Jae-Seong, Mekkawy Imam A A
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
Front Physiol. 2022 Apr 11;13:851031. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.851031. eCollection 2022.
Although, the effects of 4-non-ylphenol (4-NP) on fish's reproductive hormones were assessed in several studies using adult models, however, the effect of this endocrine disruptor on immature fish's reproductive hormones was not addressed commonly. We aimed to study the apoptosis induction, hematotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, and the recovery associated with 4-NP exposure in juvenile African catfish [) using some hormones [17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH)] and gonad histology as biomarkers. The toxic effects of 4-NP have been studied in many animal models, but there is still limited knowledge about the dose-dependent damage caused by 4-NP exposure in juvenile . A healthy juvenile was categorized into four groups ( = 3/group; three replicates in each group). The first group was the control, and the other three groups were subjected to 4-NP concentrations as 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/L for 15 days; they were left for a recovery period of another 15 days. The reproductive hormones of exposed to 4-NP for 15 days exhibited significant variations between the treatment groups and the control ( < 0.05), which were evident in E2 and -values, whereas FSH, LH, total protein, and lipid peroxidation values showed non-significant differences among all groups at < 0.05. Such a situation referred to the fact that the 15-day recovery period was insufficient to remove the impacts of 4-NP doses in concern. The trend of dose-dependent increase/decrease was recorded for T, E2, FSH, and LH. The histopathological alterations of 4-NP treated in gonad tissues were recorded in juvenile , reflecting their sensitivity to 4-NP estrogenic-like effects. Overall, our results investigate that recovery has improved the reproductive toxicity caused by 4-NP in juvenile Significant variations between the treated groups and the control group ( < 0.05) were evident in hematological parameters except for hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The parameters exhibiting significance decreased with such increased doses [red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (Hct), and white blood cells (WBCs)]. Similar patterns of significant variations toward the increase or decrease were recorded following the 15-day recovery period. Apoptotic frequency in erythrocytes and brain cells has increased significantly with increased 4-NP exposure, indicating that 4-NP caused cytotoxic effects, such as apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. However, these cellular alterations greatly decreased after the 15-day recovery period.
尽管在多项研究中使用成年模型评估了4-壬基酚(4-NP)对鱼类生殖激素的影响,然而,这种内分泌干扰物对未成年鱼生殖激素的影响却未得到普遍研究。我们旨在研究4-NP暴露对幼年非洲鲶鱼的凋亡诱导、血液毒性、生殖毒性以及恢复情况,使用一些激素[17β-雌二醇(E2)、睾酮(T)、促卵泡激素(FSH)和促黄体生成素(LH)]和性腺组织学作为生物标志物。4-NP的毒性作用已在许多动物模型中进行了研究,但对于4-NP暴露对幼年鱼造成的剂量依赖性损害仍知之甚少。将健康的幼年鱼分为四组(每组n = 3;每组三个重复)。第一组为对照组,其他三组分别接受0.1、0.2和0.3 mg/L的4-NP处理15天;之后让它们再恢复15天。暴露于4-NP 15天的鱼的生殖激素在处理组和对照组之间表现出显著差异(P < 0.05),在E2和T值中很明显,而FSH、LH、总蛋白和脂质过氧化值在P < 0.05时在所有组之间无显著差异。这种情况表明15天的恢复期不足以消除所关注的4-NP剂量的影响。T、E2、FSH和LH呈现出剂量依赖性增加/减少的趋势。在幼年鱼中记录到了4-NP处理后性腺组织的组织病理学改变,反映了它们对4-NP类雌激素效应的敏感性。总体而言,我们的结果表明恢复改善了4-NP对幼年鱼造成的生殖毒性。除血红蛋白(Hb)、平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)外,处理组和对照组之间的血液学参数存在显著差异(P < 0.05)。随着剂量增加[红细胞(RBC)、血细胞比容(Hct)和白细胞(WBC)],表现出显著差异的参数降低。在15天的恢复期后,记录到了类似的显著增加或减少的变化模式。随着4-NP暴露增加,红细胞和脑细胞中的凋亡频率显著增加,表明4-NP以剂量依赖性方式引起细胞毒性作用,如凋亡。然而,在15天的恢复期后,这些细胞改变大大减少。