Azeem Azra, Kiran Nelofar
Azra Azeem, National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Dr. Nelofar Kiran Rauf, National Institute of Psychology, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Pak J Med Sci. 2022 Mar-Apr;38(3Part-I):450-455. doi: 10.12669/pjms.38.3.5324.
Exposure to traumatic event like war evokes certain distress full reactions like post traumatic stress disorder. However, stress is not the only out come as sometimes traumatic event leads towards growth as well. Our objective was to study the relationship between post-traumatic stress, hope, perceived social support and post traumatic growth in police officials who actively participated in war on terror and secondly to highlight the role these factors and demographic variables like marital status and family system play in the promotion of post traumatic growth.
A cross sectional study was conducted on the officials of police who participated in war on terror and were currently deployed in peaceful areas. Study was planned at Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. Sample of the study comprised of 200 police officials. Sample was collected by using non probability purposive sampling technique. This technique was selected as focus of the study was on particular group of police officials who participated in war on terror and had direct exposure of life-threatening trauma during the war. Scales were used in Urdu language. Perceived social support scale and post traumatic growth inventory were available in Urdu language. Scales that were available in English like PDS-5 (PTSD diagnostic scale) and Adult Hope scale were translated in Urdu language and were culturally adapted. Post traumatic growth inventory was used for measuring post traumatic growth. PTSD diagnostic scale (PDS-5) was used for measuring post-traumatic stress. Perceived social support was measured by using Multidimensional scale of social support and hope was measured by using Adult hope scale.
Age range of the participants was between 21 to 54 years (Mean 33.6, SD= 6.3). Higher exposure to traumatic events was positively related with growth. Study variables like hope and social support showed positive relationship with post traumatic growth. Married and unmarried individuals showed difference on perceived social support (t = 9.31, p = .001), post traumatic growth (t = 8.75, p =.001) and post-traumatic stress (t = 2.04, p = .030). Respondents with extended and nuclear family system showed significant difference on perceived social support (t =2.488, p = .000) and hope (t =2.585, p = .000).
Results of study indicated that PTSD is not the inevitable outcome of combat trauma sometimes trauma leads to post traumatic growth.
接触战争等创伤性事件会引发某些痛苦的反应，如创伤后应激障碍。然而，压力并非唯一的结果，有时创伤性事件也会带来成长。我们的目的是研究积极参与反恐战争的警察官员的创伤后应激、希望、感知社会支持与创伤后成长之间的关系，其次是强调这些因素以及婚姻状况和家庭系统等人口统计学变量在促进创伤后成长中所起的作用。
对参与反恐战争且目前部署在和平地区的警察官员进行了一项横断面研究。该研究在伊斯兰堡的奎德-阿扎姆大学进行。研究样本包括200名警察官员。样本采用非概率目的抽样技术收集。选择该技术是因为研究重点是参与反恐战争且在战争期间直接暴露于危及生命创伤的特定警察官员群体。量表使用乌尔都语。感知社会支持量表和创伤后成长量表有乌尔都语版本。像PDS-5（创伤后应激障碍诊断量表）和成人希望量表等英文版本的量表被翻译成乌尔都语并进行了文化调适。创伤后成长量表用于测量创伤后成长。创伤后应激障碍诊断量表（PDS-5）用于测量创伤后应激。感知社会支持通过多维社会支持量表进行测量，希望通过成人希望量表进行测量。
参与者的年龄范围在21至54岁之间（平均33.6岁，标准差=6.3）。更高程度地接触创伤性事件与成长呈正相关。希望和社会支持等研究变量与创伤后成长呈正相关。已婚和未婚个体在感知社会支持（t = 9.31，p = 0.001）、创伤后成长（t = 8.75，p = 0.001）和创伤后应激（t = 2.04，p = 0.030）方面存在差异。有大家庭和核心家庭系统的受访者在感知社会支持（t = 2.488，p =
