加拿大魁北克省长期护理机构和老年人私人住宅中首剂疫苗对新冠病毒病及其并发症的影响
Impact of the first vaccine dose on COVID-19 and its complications in long-term care facilities and private residences for seniors in Québec, Canada.
作者信息
Fortin Élise, De Wals Philippe, Talbot Denis, Ouakki Manale, Deceuninck Geneviève, Sauvageau Chantal, Gilca Rodica, Kiely Marilou, De Serres Gaston
机构信息
Direction des risques biologiques et de la santé au travail, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Québec, QC.
Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC.
出版信息
Can Commun Dis Rep. 2022 Apr 6;48(4):164-169. doi: 10.14745/ccdr.v48i04a07.
BACKGROUND
Residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and private residences for seniors (PRSs) were given priority for vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Given the shortage of vaccine in the winter of 2021, the recommended postponing the administration of second doses to ensure more rapid and widespread administration of first doses. The objective of this study was to measure the impact of first-dose vaccination on 1) the incidence of cases and complications in LTCFs and PRSs and 2) the frequency of outbreaks in LTCFs.
METHODS
In this ecological study, COVID-19 incidence and complications in residents of LTCFs and PRSs in Québec were compared with the general (community) population at a point in time when there was still only limited eligibility for vaccination.
RESULTS
After vaccination in LTCFs, the incidence rate of COVID-19 decreased by 92% compared with 49% in the community, and deaths decreased by 95%. By six weeks post-vaccination, almost no facility reported five or more cases per 100 beds per week. The incidence rate decreased by 91% in PRSs compared with 2% in the community. Hospitalizations and deaths in PRSs decreased by 94% and 90%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
As a result of 1) vaccination of residents with one dose, 2) natural immunity already acquired in LTCFs and PRSs, 3) vaccination of healthcare workers and 4) other non-pharmaceutical prevention measures implemented, the circulation of the coronavirus in these settings was largely interrupted.
背景
长期护理机构（LTCFs）和老年人私人住宅（PRSs）的居民在2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫苗接种中享有优先地位。鉴于2021年冬季疫苗短缺，建议推迟第二剂疫苗的接种，以确保第一剂疫苗能更快速、广泛地接种。本研究的目的是衡量第一剂疫苗接种对以下两方面的影响：1）长期护理机构和老年人私人住宅中病例和并发症的发生率；2）长期护理机构中疫情爆发的频率。
方法
在这项生态学研究中，将魁北克长期护理机构和老年人私人住宅居民中的COVID-19发病率和并发症与当时疫苗接种资格仍有限的普通（社区）人群进行比较。
结果
长期护理机构接种疫苗后，COVID-19发病率与社区相比下降了92%，而社区下降了49%，死亡人数下降了95%。到接种疫苗六周后，几乎没有机构报告每周每100张床位有5例或更多病例。老年人私人住宅的发病率与社区相比下降了91%，而社区下降了2%。老年人私人住宅的住院率和死亡率分别下降了94%和90%。
结论
由于1）居民接种一剂疫苗，2）长期护理机构和老年人私人住宅中已获得的自然免疫力，3）医护人员接种疫苗，以及4）实施的其他非药物预防措施，冠状病毒在这些场所的传播在很大程度上被阻断。
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