Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xing Da Road, Taichung, 402204, Taiwan, ROC.
Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
J Econ Entomol. 2022 Jun 8;115(3):835-843. doi: 10.1093/jee/toac048.
The status of insecticide resistance levels is important for applying suitable pest management approaches. The present study investigated the insecticide resistance of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) populations from five major cruciferous growing areas in Taiwan. The surveyed locations were distributed from central to southern Taiwan and included Taichung, Changhua, Yunlin, Chiayi, and Kaohsiung. High levels of resistance to spinosad, indoxacarb, metaflumizone, and chlorantraniliprole were recorded among the surveyed populations except in Taichung. The resistance ratios ranged from 2.376 to 1,236-fold for spinosad and 24.63-1,511-fold for indoxacarb. Similarly, those for metaflumizone and chlorantraniliprole, were 2.563-76.21- and 4.457-683.0-fold, respectively. However, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, emamectin benzoate, and diafenthiuron were still relatively effective against most field populations of P. xylostella. After approximately 10 generations of being maintained in the laboratory without exposure to insecticides, the resistance ratios of the Kaohsiung and Changhua populations declined to approximately 1.4-10-fold, and insecticides with control failure likelihood also began to show a negligible risk of control failure. Although spinosad, indoxacarb, metaflumizone, and chlorantraniliprole have lost their effectiveness in most field populations of P. xylostella in Taiwan, their effectiveness may be recovered in the absence of insecticide-selection pressure for approximately 10 generations. Therefore, we suggest that a constant survey of insecticide resistance and well-designed insecticide rotation based on the survey results are necessary for the effective control and insecticide resistance management of P. xylostella.
昆虫抗药性水平的状况对于采用合适的害虫管理方法很重要。本研究调查了来自台湾五个主要十字花科蔬菜种植区的小菜蛾（鳞翅目：菜蛾科）种群的杀虫剂抗药性。调查地点分布在台湾中南部，包括台中、彰化、云林、嘉义、高雄。除了在台中，调查的种群对多杀菌素、茚虫威、甲氧虫酰肼和氯虫苯甲酰胺都表现出高水平的抗性。多杀菌素的抗性比值范围为 2.376 至 1236 倍，茚虫威为 24.63 至 1511 倍。同样，甲氧虫酰肼和氯虫苯甲酰胺的抗性比值分别为 2.563 至 76.21 倍和 4.457 至 683.0 倍。然而，苏云金芽孢杆菌亚种. aizawai、苏云金芽孢杆菌亚种. kurstaki、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和双甲脒仍然对大多数小菜蛾田间种群相对有效。在实验室中未经杀虫剂处理连续饲养约 10 代后，高雄和彰化种群的抗性比值降至约 1.4 至 10 倍，而且可能失控的杀虫剂也开始显示出几乎没有失控风险。尽管多杀菌素、茚虫威、甲氧虫酰肼和氯虫苯甲酰胺在台湾大多数小菜蛾田间种群中已失去效果，但在没有杀虫剂选择压力的情况下，大约经过 10 代后它们的效果可能会恢复。因此，我们建议对杀虫剂抗性进行持续调查，并根据调查结果设计良好的杀虫剂轮用方案，这对于有效控制和管理小菜蛾的杀虫剂抗性是必要的。
