State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 20;835:155494. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155494. Epub 2022 Apr 26.
Ecosystem vulnerability is the degree to which an ecosystem is susceptible to adverse effects of external disturbances. Exploring the pattern of ecosystem vulnerability and its driving mechanism is important for regional ecological protection and management. A little study has conducted the ecosystem vulnerability assessment from the perspective of multiple ecosystems characteristics, and the spatial heterogeneity impacts of climate change and human activities on ecosystem vulnerability variation need to be further explored. In this study, a habitat-structure-function framework was proposed to evaluate ecosystem vulnerability pattern of the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) in China from 1990 to 2018. Then, the spatial heterogeneity impacts of various factors on ecosystem vulnerability changes were examined utilizing the Geographically Weighted Regression model. Results show that the ecosystem vulnerability index (EVI) pattern in the YRB decreased from upstream to downstream. There was 63.85% of the basin area experiencing a decline in EVI from 1990 to 2018, which was primarily found in the source, southwest and north regions, while the southeast and east regions have suffered an increase in EVI. The impact of climate change on EVI changes increased as time scales increase, while, human activities were still the dominant factor leading EVI changes. Overall, areas with great impact of climate change on EVI variation were concentrated in the source region and upper reaches, while the remarkable impact of human activities occurred in the whole basin. The enhancement of climate warming and humid trend and the strengthen of ecological protection were benefit to the decline of EVI. The proposed framework can be extended to assess vulnerability in other areas or specific ecosystem types, and the findings are expected to provide policy recommendations for ecosystem conservation and management in the YRB.
生态系统脆弱性是指生态系统对外界干扰的敏感程度。探索生态系统脆弱性的模式及其驱动机制对于区域生态保护和管理至关重要。很少有研究从多个生态系统特征的角度评估生态系统脆弱性，并且需要进一步探讨气候变化和人类活动对生态系统脆弱性变化的空间异质性影响。本研究提出了一种生境-结构-功能框架，用于评估中国长江流域（YRB）的生态系统脆弱性模式，从 1990 年到 2018 年。然后，利用地理加权回归模型研究了各种因素对生态系统脆弱性变化的空间异质性影响。结果表明，YRB 的生态系统脆弱性指数（EVI）模式从上游到下游呈下降趋势。从 1990 年到 2018 年，流域有 63.85%的地区的 EVI 下降，主要分布在源头、西南和北部地区，而东南和东部地区的 EVI 则有所上升。气候变化对 EVI 变化的影响随着时间尺度的增加而增加，而人类活动仍然是导致 EVI 变化的主要因素。总体而言，气候变化对 EVI 变化影响较大的地区集中在源头区和上游地区，而人类活动的显著影响则发生在整个流域。气候变暖增湿趋势的增强和生态保护力度的加强有利于 EVI 的下降。所提出的框架可以扩展到评估其他地区或特定生态系统类型的脆弱性，研究结果有望为长江流域的生态系统保护和管理提供政策建议。
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