Department of Plant Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
Department of Natural History, University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2022 Aug 26;60:187-209. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021021-041830. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
Biotechnological advances now permit broad exploration of past microbial communities preserved in diverse substrates. Despite biomolecular degradation, high-throughput sequencing of preserved materials can yield invaluable genomic and metagenomic data from the past. This line of research has expanded from its initial human- and animal-centric foci to include plant-associated microbes (viruses, archaea, bacteria, fungi, and oomycetes), for which historical, archaeological, and paleontological data illuminate past epidemics and evolutionary history. Genetic mechanisms underlying the acquisition of microbial pathogenicity, including hybridization, polyploidization, and horizontal gene transfer, can now be reconstructed, as can gene-for-gene coevolution with plant hosts. Epidemiological parameters, such as geographic origin and range expansion, can also be assessed. Building on published case studies with individual phytomicrobial taxa, the stage is now set for broader, community-wide studies of preserved plant microbiomes to strengthen mechanistic understanding of microbial interactions and plant disease emergence.
生物技术的进步现在使得广泛探索保存在各种基质中的过去微生物群落成为可能。尽管生物分子发生了降解，但对保存材料进行高通量测序仍能从过去获得宝贵的基因组和宏基因组数据。这项研究从最初以人类和动物为中心的焦点扩展到包括与植物相关的微生物（病毒、古菌、细菌、真菌和卵菌），其中历史、考古和古生物学数据阐明了过去的流行病和进化历史。现在可以重建微生物获得致病性的遗传机制，包括杂交、多倍体化和水平基因转移，以及与植物宿主的基因对基因共进化。还可以评估流行病学参数，如地理起源和范围扩大。在对个别植物微生物类群的已发表案例研究的基础上，现在可以对保存的植物微生物组进行更广泛的、全社区的研究，以加强对微生物相互作用和植物疾病出现的机制理解。
