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在 11 年期间,冠状动脉穿孔的发生率、处理和结果的变化趋势:单中心经验。

Changing trends in the incidence, management and outcomes of coronary artery perforation over an 11-year period: single-centre experience.

机构信息

College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

Cardiology Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

出版信息

Open Heart. 2022 Apr;9(1). doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001916.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Coronary artery perforation (CP) is a rare but life-threatening complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study aimed to assess the incidence, management and outcomes of CP over time.

METHODS

A single-centre retrospective cohort study of all PCIs performed between January 2010 and December 2020. Patients with CP were divided into two cohorts (A+B), representing the two halves of the 11-year study.

RESULTS

The incidence of CP was 68 of 9701 (0.7%), with an increasing trend over the two 5.5-year periods studied (24 of 4661 (0.5%) vs 44 of 5040 (0.9%); p=0.035). Factors associated with CP included chronic total occlusions (CTOs) (16 of 68 (24%) vs 993 of 9633 (10%); p<0.001), type C lesions (44 of 68 (65%) vs 4280 of 9633 (44%); p<0.001), use of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) (12 of 68 (18%) vs 541 of 9633 (6%); p<0.001), cutting balloon angioplasty (3 of 68 (4%) vs 98 of 9633 (1%); p<0.001) and hydrophilic wires (24 of 68 (35%) vs 1454 of 9633 (15%); p<0.001). Cohorts A and B were well matched with respect to age (69±11 vs 70±12 years; p=0.843), sex (males: 13 of 24 (54%) vs 31 of 44 (70%); p=0.179) and renal function (chronic kidney disease: 1 of 24 (4%) vs 4 of 44 (9%); p=0.457). In cohort A, CP was most frequently caused by post-dilatation with non-compliant balloons (10 of 24 (42%); p=0.009); whereas in cohort B, common causes included guidewire exits (23 of 44 (52%)), followed by stent implantation (10 of 44 (23%)). The most common treatment modality in cohorts A and B was balloon inflation, which accounted for 16 of 24 (67%) and 13 of 44 (30%), respectively. The use of covered stents (16%) and coronary coils (18%) during cohort B study period did not impact all-cause mortality, which occurred in 2 of 24 (8%) and 7 of 44 (16%) (p=0.378) in cohorts A and B, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The incidence of CP is increasing as more complex PCI is performed. Factors associated with perforation include CTO or type C lesions and use of IVUS, cutting balloon angioplasty or hydrophilic wires.

摘要

简介

冠状动脉穿孔(CP)是经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的一种罕见但危及生命的并发症。本研究旨在评估 CP 的发生率、处理方法和随时间推移的结局。

方法

这是一项单中心回顾性队列研究,纳入了 2010 年 1 月至 2020 年 12 月期间进行的所有 PCI。将 CP 患者分为两个队列(A+B),分别代表研究期间的两个 5.5 年时间段。

结果

CP 的发生率为 9701 例中的 68 例(0.7%),在两个 5.5 年研究期间呈上升趋势(4661 例中的 24 例[0.5%] vs 5040 例中的 44 例[0.9%];p=0.035)。与 CP 相关的因素包括慢性完全闭塞病变(CTO)(68 例中的 16 例[24%] vs 9633 例中的 993 例[10%];p<0.001)、C 型病变(68 例中的 44 例[65%] vs 9633 例中的 4280 例[44%];p<0.001)、血管内超声(IVUS)的使用(68 例中的 12 例[18%] vs 9633 例中的 541 例[6%];p<0.001)、切割球囊血管成形术(68 例中的 3 例[4%] vs 9633 例中的 98 例[1%];p<0.001)和亲水导丝(68 例中的 24 例[35%] vs 9633 例中的 1454 例[15%];p<0.001)。队列 A 和 B 在年龄(69±11 岁 vs 70±12 岁;p=0.843)、性别(男性:24 例中的 13 例[54%] vs 44 例中的 31 例[70%];p=0.179)和肾功能(慢性肾脏病:24 例中的 1 例[4%] vs 44 例中的 4 例[9%];p=0.457)方面匹配良好。在队列 A 中,CP 最常由非顺应性球囊后扩张引起(24 例中的 10 例[42%];p=0.009);而在队列 B 中,常见原因包括导丝退出(44 例中的 23 例[52%]),其次是支架植入(44 例中的 10 例[23%])。在队列 A 和 B 中,最常见的治疗方式都是球囊扩张,分别占 16 例(67%)和 13 例(30%)。在队列 B 研究期间,使用覆膜支架(16%)和冠状动脉线圈(18%)并未影响全因死亡率,在队列 A 和 B 中分别发生在 2 例(8%)和 7 例(16%)(p=0.378)。

结论

随着更多复杂 PCI 的开展,CP 的发生率呈上升趋势。穿孔的相关因素包括 CTO 或 C 型病变以及 IVUS、切割球囊血管成形术或亲水导丝的使用。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/39e4/9052042/c0af55386e2d/openhrt-2021-001916f01.jpg

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