Institute of Business Management Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development, Beijing, 100038, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Sep;29(43):65423-65431. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20448-y. Epub 2022 Apr 29.
Environmental pollution has intensified significantly in the last few decades. Policymakers have considered this issue due to its direct influence on human lives throughout the globe. This study explores the asymmetric determinants of consumption-based and production-based CO emissions for China, for time horizon 1990-2019. ARDL and NARDL regression approaches have been adopted for empirical investigation. The ARDL regression method reveals that GDP does not produce any impact on production-based and consumption-based CO emissions, while energy use contributes as an increasing determinant of consumption-based and production-based CO emissions in the long-run. The NARDL regression method reveals that a positive shock in GDP is beneficial for a decline of consumption-based CO emissions, while it does not reduce production-based CO emissions in the long-run. However, negative shock in GDP contributes as an increasing determinant of consumption-based CO emissions. Results also report that positive shock in energy use behaves as an increasing agent of consumption-based and production-based CO emissions in the long-run, while negative shock in energy use produces a decline in production-based CO emissions in the long-run. Thus, policymakers should adopt such demand and supply sides' management policies that contribute to controlling CO emissions.
在过去的几十年里，环境污染显著加剧。由于环境污染对全球人类生活有着直接影响，决策者们已经开始考虑这个问题。本研究探讨了中国消费型和生产型二氧化碳排放的不对称决定因素，时间范围为 1990-2019 年。采用了 ARDL 和 NARDL 回归方法进行实证研究。ARDL 回归方法表明，GDP 对生产型和消费型二氧化碳排放没有产生任何影响，而能源使用则是长期内消费型和生产型二氧化碳排放增加的决定因素。NARDL 回归方法表明，GDP 的正向冲击有利于消费型二氧化碳排放量的减少，而长期内不会减少生产型二氧化碳排放量。然而，GDP 的负向冲击则增加了消费型二氧化碳排放量的决定因素。研究结果还表明，能源使用的正向冲击在长期内是消费型和生产型二氧化碳排放增加的因素，而能源使用的负向冲击则导致生产型二氧化碳排放量在长期内下降。因此，政策制定者应该采取需求和供给方面的管理政策，以有助于控制二氧化碳排放。
