School of Business, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
School of Economics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Aug;28(31):41923-41936. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13743-7. Epub 2021 Apr 1.
Since the nonlinear ARDL approach is introduced in advanced econometric, some old relationships are getting new empirical attention. Therefore, we examine the asymmetric macroeconomic determinants of carbon dioxide (CO) emission in China, covering the time from 1971 to 2019 and using a nonlinear ARDL model. The study results show that GDP and industrialization have an asymmetric effect on CO emission in long-run in direction and magnitude, while agriculturalization has also an asymmetric effect on environmental pollution in magnitude, but not in the direction. In short, GDP and industrialization have also asymmetric response on CO emissions in the short term only in magnitude, but agriculturalization has an asymmetric response in magnitude and direction in short-run. Therefore, this empirical research is more applicable for policymakers in China.
由于非线性 ARDL 方法在高级计量经济学中的引入，一些旧的关系得到了新的实证关注。因此，我们考察了中国二氧化碳（CO）排放的不对称宏观经济决定因素，时间跨度为 1971 年至 2019 年，并使用了非线性 ARDL 模型。研究结果表明，在长期内，GDP 和工业化对 CO 排放的影响在方向和程度上具有不对称性，而农业化在规模上也对环境污染具有不对称性，但在方向上没有。简而言之，在短期内，GDP 和工业化对 CO 排放也具有不对称反应，仅在程度上，而农业化在短期内在规模和方向上具有不对称反应。因此，这项实证研究对中国的政策制定者更具适用性。
