一项混合方法研究，旨在调查加拿大安大略省男同性恋、双性恋和其他与男性发生性关系的男性（MSM）中，献血政策、献血兴趣和献血意愿之间的关系。
A mixed methods investigation of the relationship between blood donor policy, interest in donation, and willingness to donate among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Ontario, Canada.
机构信息
Department of Sociology, York University, Vari Hall, Room 2060, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2022 Apr 28;22(1):849. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13229-2.
BACKGROUND
As of 2019, men who have sex with men (MSM) in Canada are ineligible to donate blood if they have had oral or anal sex with another man in the last 3 months. Deferral policies targeting MSM are largely interpreted as unjust by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) - shaping their desire to donate blood and engage with blood operators. This mixed methods study explores interest in blood donation among GBMSM as well as willingness (and eligibility) to donate under four different deferral policies.
METHODS
We surveyed 447 GBMSM who were recruited from the Ontario-wide #iCruise study. Participants were asked whether they were interested in blood donation and if they were willing to donate under each of our four deferral policies. We also completed interviews with 31 of these GBMSM. Participants were asked to describe their feelings about blood donation, their views on our different deferral policies, the impact of a policy change, as well as other means of redress.
RESULTS
Most participants (69%) indicated that they were interested in donating blood. Despite this, an interpretation of the MSM deferral policy as discriminatory was common among all participants. Our mixed methods findings indicate that, among those who were interested in blood donation, the adoption of one of the alternative policies presented in this study (specifically Policy 2 or Policy 3) would significantly increase the number of participants willing to donate and be viewed as "a step in the right direction." However, many participants who were not interested in blood donation argued that a gender-neutral deferral policy would need to be implemented for them to donate. Participants recommended that blood operators consider efforts to repair relations with GBMSM beyond policy change, including pop-up clinics in predominantly queer areas and diversity sensitivity training for staff.
CONCLUSION
We argue that the most impactful policy shift would be the implementation of an individual risk-based deferral policy that is applied to all donors regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity. However, given MSM's historical exclusion from blood donations, blood operators should pair this policy shift with community relationship-building efforts.
背景
截至 2019 年，如果男男性行为者（MSM）在过去 3 个月内与另一名男性发生过口交或肛交，他们将没有资格捐献血液。针对 MSM 的延期政策在很大程度上被同性恋、双性恋和其他与男性发生性关系的男性（GBMSM）视为不公正-影响了他们献血的愿望和与血液操作人员的互动。这项混合方法研究探讨了 GBMSM 对献血的兴趣，以及在四种不同延期政策下的献血意愿（和资格）。
方法
我们从安大略省范围内的#iCruise 研究中招募了 447 名 GBMSM 进行调查。参与者被问及他们是否对献血感兴趣，以及他们是否愿意在我们的四项延期政策下献血。我们还对其中的 31 名 GBMSM 进行了访谈。参与者被要求描述他们对献血的感受、他们对我们不同延期政策的看法、政策变化的影响，以及其他补救措施。
结果
大多数参与者（69%）表示他们有兴趣献血。尽管如此，所有参与者都普遍认为 MSM 延期政策具有歧视性。我们的混合方法研究结果表明，在那些对献血感兴趣的人中，采用本研究提出的替代政策之一（特别是政策 2 或政策 3）将显著增加愿意献血的参与者人数，并被视为“朝着正确方向迈出的一步”。然而，许多对献血不感兴趣的参与者认为，需要实施一项性别中立的延期政策，他们才会献血。参与者建议血液操作人员考虑除政策变化之外，与 GBMSM 建立关系的努力，包括在主要是酷儿的地区开设临时诊所和为工作人员提供多样性敏感性培训。
结论
我们认为，最具影响力的政策转变将是实施一项针对所有献血者的个体风险为基础的延期政策，无论其性取向或性别认同如何。然而，鉴于 MSM 历史上被排除在献血之外，血液操作人员应该将这一政策转变与社区关系建设努力结合起来。
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