吸烟与劳动力市场参与：一项工作、失业和病假之间转换的 5 年前瞻性队列研究。
Smoking and labour market participation: a 5-year prospective cohort study of transitions between work, unemployment and sickness absence.
机构信息
National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark.
出版信息
Scand J Public Health. 2023 Aug;51(6):926-934. doi: 10.1177/14034948221081289. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
AIM
To examine whether smokers are at higher risk of unemployment and sickness absence and have a lower chance of getting employed compared to never smokers.
METHODS
The study sample in this prospective register-based cohort study consisted of 87,830 men and women between 18 and 60 years of age from the Danish National Health Survey 2010. Assessment of smoking status was obtained at baseline and the participants were followed in the Danish register-based evaluation of marginalisation database from 2010 to 2015. Data were analysed by Cox proportional hazards.
RESULTS
The median age was 44.5 years and 47.3% were men. At baseline, 88.8% were categorised as working, 7.7% as unemployed and 3.5% as being on sickness absence. At the 5-year follow-up, hazard ratios for transitions from work to unemployment were 1.31 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22-1.40; <0.001) for current smokers (<15/day) and 1.52 (95% CI 1.43-1.62; <0.001) for current heavy smokers (⩾15/day), compared to never smokers. Hazard ratios for transitions from work to sickness absence were 1.31 (95% CI 1.24-1.38; <0.001) for current smokers (<15/day) and 1.64 (95% CI 1.56-1.71; <0.001) for current heavy smokers (⩾15/day). Current heavy smokers (⩾15/day) also had a lower chance of becoming re-employed with a hazard ratio of 0.81 (95% CI 0.75-0.88; <0.001) compared to never smokers.
UNLABELLED
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目的
研究吸烟者与从不吸烟者相比，失业和病假的风险是否更高，以及就业的机会是否更低。
方法
这项前瞻性基于登记的队列研究的研究样本包括来自丹麦全国健康调查 2010 年的 18 至 60 岁之间的 87830 名男性和女性。在基线时评估吸烟状况，参与者从 2010 年至 2015 年在丹麦基于登记的边缘化数据库中进行随访。通过 Cox 比例风险分析进行数据分析。
结果
中位年龄为 44.5 岁，男性占 47.3%。在基线时，88.8%被归类为工作，7.7%为失业，3.5%为病假。在 5 年随访中，从不吸烟者相比，当前吸烟者（<15 支/天）和当前重度吸烟者（≥15 支/天）从工作转为失业的风险比分别为 1.31（95%置信区间（CI）1.22-1.40；<0.001）和 1.52（95% CI 1.43-1.62；<0.001）。从不吸烟者相比，当前吸烟者（<15 支/天）和当前重度吸烟者（≥15 支/天）从工作转为病假的风险比分别为 1.31（95% CI 1.24-1.38；<0.001）和 1.64（95% CI 1.56-1.71；<0.001）。当前重度吸烟者（≥15 支/天）重新就业的机会也较低，风险比为 0.81（95% CI 0.75-0.88；<0.001）与从不吸烟者相比。
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