Departamento de Ingeniería en Sistemas Ambientales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, 07738 Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, Departamento de Ingeniería en Sistemas Ambientales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, 07738 Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico, CDMX, Mexico.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Sep;29(41):61711-61728. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20430-8. Epub 2022 Apr 29.
One of the most populated areas of the world is the Metropolitan Zone of the Mexican Valley, which has serious atmospheric pollution problems. To the north of the Metropolitan Zone is the Protected Natural Area Sierra de Guadalupe (PNASG), an area with a high diversity of birds, close to an industrial zone, and poor air quality (AQ). It is known that a poor AQ affects biodiversity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the AQ using O, CO, NO, PM and PM polar graphics atmospheric pollutants (PGAP) and the Integrated Air Quality Index (IAQI) to examine its relationship with the structural diversity (SD) and the functional diversity (FD) of the bird community of the PNASG. In autumn-2019 and winter-2020, bird surveys and the PGAP with the pollutant concentrations were performed using data from Mexico City air quality network. The IAQI, SD and FD were estimated. Autumn-2019 registered the worst IAQI (334), the lowest wind speed (1.5 m/s), and the highest PGAP values (90). These worst AQ and the highest PGAP values were outside the PNASG but into a green urban area. This site also showed the highest SD scores (87), reflecting that the green urban areas function as a refuge for birds. The study sites with the best AQ (130.37), the lowest PGAP values (0.1) and the highest FD (0.7) were inside the PNASG. We conclude that a poor AQ minimizes the FD and that the PNASG is an essential buffer and a biological conservation area. The combined use of an integrated index of air quality with the polar graphics and diversity of birds (SD and FD) allow a better interpretation of air quality. It is necessary to establish mechanisms ensuring the conservation of the protected natural areas and green urban areas to improve air quality and biodiversity conservation.
世界上人口最稠密的地区之一是墨西哥谷大都市地区，该地区存在严重的大气污染问题。大都市地区的北部是瓜达卢佩山脉自然保护区（PNASG），该地区鸟类多样性高，靠近工业区，空气质量差（AQ）。众所周知，空气质量差会影响生物多样性。因此，本研究旨在使用 O、CO、NO、PM 和 PM 极性图形大气污染物（PGAP）和综合空气质量指数（IAQI）评估该地区的空气质量，以检查其与鸟类群落结构多样性（SD）和功能多样性（FD）的关系。在 2019 年秋季和 2020 年冬季，使用来自墨西哥城空气质量网络的数据进行了鸟类调查和 PGAP 以及污染物浓度的测量。估计了 IAQI、SD 和 FD。2019 年秋季 IAQI 最差（334），风速最低（1.5 m/s），PGAP 值最高（90）。这些最差的空气质量和最高的 PGAP 值位于 PNASG 之外，但在一个绿色城市区域内。该区域还显示出最高的 SD 分数（87），反映出绿色城市区域是鸟类的避难所。空气质量最好的研究地点（130.37）、PGAP 值最低（0.1）和 FD 最高（0.7）位于 PNASG 内。我们得出结论，空气质量差会最小化 FD，PNASG 是一个重要的缓冲区和生物保护区。综合使用空气质量综合指数和鸟类的极性图形和多样性（SD 和 FD）可以更好地解释空气质量。有必要建立机制来确保保护区和绿色城市区域的保护，以改善空气质量和生物多样性保护。
