Adnan Muhammad, Wajid Abdul, Noor Wasif, Batool Andleeb, Aasim Muhammad, Abbas Kamran, Ain Quratul
Health Research Institute, National Institute of Health, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan.
J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2022 Apr 29;20(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s43141-022-00349-w.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) showed significant association with PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism in unrelated individuals. However, it is still unknown whether the relationship of NAFLD with PNPLA3 variant exists or not among subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate sociodemographic and genetic determinants of NAFLD in type 2 diabetics.
The cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan, during 2019-2020. A total of 153 known cases of T2DM were enrolled using convenience sampling. After excluding patients (n = 24) with HCV, alcoholism, or missing information, data from 129 eligible diabetics with and without NAFLD were analyzed using SPSS. Odds ratios using crosstabs and adjusted odds ratios using binary and multinomial logistic regression were calculated to measure the risk of NAFLD.
Adults 18-35 years were 7.0%, 36-55 years were 64.3%, ≥ 56 years were 28.7%, and females were 66.7%. A total of 41.1% of patients had obesity, 52.7% had NAFLD, and 29.05% carried mutant G allele of rs738409 polymorphism. Among overall diabetics, NAFLD showed association with female (OR = 2.998, p = 0.007), illiterate (OR = 3.067, p = 0.005), and obese (OR = 2.211, p = 0.046) but not with PNPLA3 genotype under any model (all p = > 0.05). Among obese diabetics, NAFLD showed association with female (AOR = 4.010, p = 0.029), illiterate (AOR = 3.506, p = 0.037), GG + CG/CC (AOR = 3.303, p = 0.033), and GG/CG + CC (AOR = 4.547, p = 0.034) using binary regression and with female (AOR = 3.411, p = 0.051), illiterate (AOR = 3.323, p = 0.048), GG + CG/CC (AOR = 3.270, p = 0.029), and GG/CG + CC (AOR = 4.534, p = 0.024) using multinomial regression.
NAFLD and obesity were the most common comorbid diseases of T2DM. Gender female, being illiterate, and PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism were significant risk factors of NAFLD among obese diabetic patients.
在无亲缘关系的个体中，非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）与PNPLA3基因rs738409多态性显著相关。然而，在2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者中，NAFLD与PNPLA3基因变异之间的关系尚不清楚。因此，本研究旨在评估2型糖尿病患者中NAFLD的社会人口学和遗传决定因素。
2019年至2020年期间，在巴基斯坦拉合尔虚拟大学分子生物学系进行了一项横断面分析研究。采用方便抽样法，共纳入153例已知的T2DM患者。排除丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染、酗酒或信息缺失的患者（n = 24）后，使用SPSS对129例有或无NAFLD的合格糖尿病患者的数据进行分析。通过交叉表计算比值比，并使用二元和多项逻辑回归计算调整后的比值比，以衡量NAFLD的风险。
18 - 35岁的成年人占7.0%，36 - 55岁的成年人占64.3%，≥56岁的成年人占28.7%，女性占66.7%。共有41.1%的患者患有肥胖症，52.7%的患者患有NAFLD，29.05%的患者携带rs738409多态性的突变G等位基因。在所有糖尿病患者中，NAFLD与女性（比值比 = 2.998，p = 0.007）、文盲（比值比 = 3.067，p = 0.005）和肥胖（比值比 = 2.211，p = 0.046）相关，但在任何模型下均与PNPLA3基因型无关（所有p均>0.05）。在肥胖糖尿病患者中，使用二元回归分析时，NAFLD与女性（调整后比值比 = 4.010，p = 0.029）、文盲（调整后比值比 = 3.506，p = 0.037）、GG + CG/CC（调整后比值比 = 3.303，p = 0.033）和GG/CG + CC（调整后比值比 = 4.547，p = 0.034）相关；使用多项回归分析时，NAFLD与女性（调整后比值比 = 3.411，p = 0.051）、文盲（调整后比值比 = 3.323，p = 0.048）、GG + CG/CC（调整后比值比 = 3.270，p = 0.029）和GG/CG + CC（调整后比值比 = 4.534，p = 0.024）相关。
NAFLD和肥胖是T2DM最常见的合并症。女性、文盲以及PNPLA3基因rs738409多态性是肥胖糖尿病患者发生NAFLD的重要危险因素。
