College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Aug 5;435:128987. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128987. Epub 2022 Apr 22.
Soil contamination by pesticide residues has become an increasing concern of ecological protection. However, the soil environmental carrying capacity (SECC) of pesticide residues in agricultural ecosystems was limited studied. Based on the concept of ecological risk assessment, a modified system on the environment carrying capacity was proposed for estimate SECC of pesticide residues in agricultural soils. Subsequently, the assessment on ecological risk and SECC of soil pesticide residues in vegetable ecosystem were performed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA). In 201 topsoil samples, 62.1% of the pesticide compounds were detected over limit of quantitation, and exhibit a high proportion of multiple pesticide contamination. Pyrethroid insecticides and herbicide glyphosate showed most frequent occurrence and high levels. The SECC of the TGRA varies with the limit standard, annual cumulative amount and risk quotient of each pesticide contaminant in soils. Except that fenpropathrin has exceeded SECC, chlorfenapyr, β-cyfluthrin and glyphosate posed the greatest threat to SECC in the next 50 years. Additionally, ecological risks by pesticide residues in vegetable ecosystem can be affected by various planting activities. These results will contribute to guide the rational application of pesticides and control soil environmental risks, thereby achieving the agricultural green development in the TGRA.
土壤中农药残留的污染已成为生态环境保护日益关注的问题。然而，农业生态系统中农药残留的土壤环境容量（SECC）的研究还很有限。基于生态风险评估的概念，提出了一种改良的环境承载能力系统，用于估算农业土壤中农药残留的 SECC。随后，对三峡库区（TGRA）蔬菜生态系统中土壤农药残留的生态风险和 SECC 进行了评估。在 201 年的表层土壤样本中，超过定量限的农药化合物有 62.1%，且表现出高度的多种农药污染。拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂和除草剂草甘膦出现的频率最高且含量最高。TGRA 的 SECC 随土壤中每种农药污染物的限量标准、年累积量和风险商数而变化。除了甲氰菊酯已超过 SECC 外，氯氟吡氧乙酸、β-氯氟氰菊酯和草甘膦在未来 50 年内对 SECC 构成最大威胁。此外，蔬菜生态系统中农药残留的生态风险还会受到各种种植活动的影响。这些结果将有助于指导农药的合理使用和控制土壤环境风险，从而实现 TGRA 的农业绿色发展。
