Al Yeamin Abdullah, Mia Md Yousuf, Khan Shahidur R, Rahman M Safiur, Senapathi Venkatramanan, Islam Abu Reza Md Towfiqul, Choudhury Tasrina Rabia
Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, Bangladesh.
Chemistry Division, Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
PLoS One. 2025 Feb 3;20(2):e0311270. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311270. eCollection 2025.
This study assessed the risks of soil pollution by heavy metals in Chilmari Upazila, northern Bangladesh, using the static environmental resilience (Pi) model of soil. Geostatistical modeling and self-organizing maps (SOM) identified pollution areas and spatial patterns, while a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model revealed pollution sources. The results showed that the average concentrations of Cr, Pb and As were well above background levels. Agricultural and industrial soils were mainly contaminated with Cr, Pb and As according to the Nemerow Pollution Index (NPI), Ecological Risk (ER) and Pi Index. Over 70% of the sites were contaminated with Pb and Cr, while co-contamination was particularly high. A one-way ANOVA showed significant correlations between Pb, Cu and Zn levels and human activities. The PMF analysis revealed that industrial effluents, agrochemicals and lithogenic sources were the main contributors to soil contamination with 16%, 41% and 43%, respectively. The SOM analysis revealed three distinct spatial patterns (Pb-Zn, Cr-Cu-Ni and Co-Mn-As), which are consistent with the PMF results. These results emphasize the need for stringent measures to reduce industrial emissions and remediate soil contamination in order to improve soil quality and food security.
本研究采用土壤静态环境恢复力（Pi）模型评估了孟加拉国北部奇尔马里乌帕齐拉地区土壤重金属污染风险。地统计建模和自组织映射（SOM）确定了污染区域和空间格局，而正定矩阵因子分解（PMF）模型揭示了污染源。结果表明，铬、铅和砷的平均浓度远高于背景水平。根据内梅罗污染指数（NPI）、生态风险（ER）和Pi指数，农业土壤和工业土壤主要受铬、铅和砷污染。超过70%的采样点受到铅和铬污染，同时复合污染尤为严重。单因素方差分析表明，铅、铜和锌含量与人类活动之间存在显著相关性。PMF分析表明，工业废水、农用化学品和成岩源分别是土壤污染的主要贡献者，贡献率分别为16%、41%和43%。SOM分析揭示了三种不同的空间格局（铅-锌、铬-铜-镍和钴-锰-砷），这与PMF结果一致。这些结果强调需要采取严格措施减少工业排放并修复土壤污染，以改善土壤质量和粮食安全。
