Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria.
Niger Postgrad Med J. 2022 Apr-Jun;29(2):167-172. doi: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_23_22.
Dental anomalies are craniofacial abnormalities in the size, structure or number of the teeth. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of dental anomalies among children aged 0-16 years attending the Paediatric Dental Clinic at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.
A cross-sectional design was used and data were obtained from the dental records of the Dental Clinic from January 2014 to August 2019 by two calibrated examiners, who are co-authors of the manuscript. To test for statistical differences, Chi-squared test was utilised for the categorical variables. The prevalence of the different dental anomalies was estimated and presented with frequencies. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Among the 6175 patients' dental records reviewed, 50.85% (n = 3150) were male and the highest proportion of 45.4% (n = 2807) were aged between 6 and 10 years, with a mean age of 8.62 ± 3.85 years. A total of 1090 (17.52%) had dental anomalies; 465 (7.53) anomalies were in the maxilla, 263 (4.6) were in the mandible while 360 (5.83) were in both. The most common anomaly was hypoplasia 550 (9.06%), followed by retained primary tooth 546 (8.84%) and hypodontia 84 (1.36%). Dentinogenesis imperfecta 1 (0.02) and transposition 1 (0.02) were the least prevalent anomalies. Retained primary teeth (5.8%) and the cusp of Carabelli (0.4%) were slightly more prevalent among males. However, females had a higher prevalence of natal/neonatal teeth (0.4%), fusion/germination (0.4%), hypodontia (1.5%) and peg-shaped lateral incisors (0.9%).
Dental anomalies' prevalence in this study was 17.52%, with a higher occurrence of anomalies in the maxilla. Hypoplasia was the most prevalent anomaly, after which was retained primary tooth, then hypodontia. Prompt diagnosis and preventive interventions are crucial for the appropriate management of these dental anomalies.
牙异常是牙齿大小、结构或数量的颅面异常。本研究旨在评估尼日利亚拉各斯大学教学医院儿科牙科诊所就诊的 0-16 岁儿童的牙异常发生率。
采用横断面设计，由两位校准的检查者（也是本文的共同作者）从 2014 年 1 月至 2019 年 8 月的牙科诊所的牙科记录中获取数据。对于分类变量，使用卡方检验进行统计学差异检验。估计不同牙异常的发生率，并以频率表示。P<0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
在所审查的 6175 名患者的牙科记录中，50.85%（n=3150）为男性，比例最高的是 45.4%（n=2807），年龄在 6-10 岁之间，平均年龄为 8.62±3.85 岁。共有 1090 人（17.52%）存在牙异常；上颌的 465 个（7.53%）异常，下颌的 263 个（4.6%）异常，上下颌均有的 360 个（5.83%）异常。最常见的异常是发育不全 550 例（9.06%），其次是滞留乳牙 546 例（8.84%）和先天缺牙 84 例（1.36%）。牙本质生成不全 1 例（0.02%）和牙错位 1 例（0.02%）是最少见的异常。滞留乳牙（5.8%）和 Carabelli 尖（0.4%）在男性中略多见。然而，女性中先天/新生儿牙齿（0.4%）、融合/发芽（0.4%）、先天缺牙（1.5%）和钉状侧切牙（0.9%）的发生率较高。
本研究中牙异常的发生率为 17.52%，上颌异常发生率较高。发育不全是最常见的异常，其次是滞留乳牙，然后是先天缺牙。及时诊断和预防干预对于这些牙异常的适当管理至关重要。
