Matee Karabo R, Akinnuga Akinjide M, Siboto Angezwa, Ngubane Phikelelani, Khathi Andile
Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, College of Health Sciences, Durban, South Africa.
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Okuku Campus, Yala, Cross River, Nigeria.
Endocr Regul. 2022 Apr 30;56(2):126-133. doi: 10.2478/enr-2022-0014.
Due to insulin resistance and oxidative stress that are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), T2DM has become a prevalent metabolic disorder that presents various side effects. However, alternative antidiabetic treatment has commonly been used in treating diabetes mellitus in diabetic patients. In our previous studies, bredemolic acid has been reported as an antidiabetic agent that improves glucose uptake, ameliorates insulin resistance, and oxidative stress in the liver, heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle of prediabetic rats. However, these effects have not been validated . Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effects of bredemolic acid on insulin-mediated glucose utilization, lipid peroxidation, and the total antioxidant capacity (TOAC) in palmitic acid-induced insulin-resistant C2C12 skeletal muscle cells . Insulin resistance was induced in the skeletal muscle cells after 4 h of exposure to palmitic acid (0.5 mmol/l). Different cell groups were incubated in culture media DMEM supplemented with fetal calf serum (10%), penicillin/streptomycin (1%), and L-glutamine (1%) and then treated with either insulin (4 µg/ml) or bredemolic acid (12.5 mmol/l) or with both. Thereafter, the cells were seeded in 24- or 96-well plates for determination of the cell viability, glucose utilization, glycogen formation, and antioxidant capacity. The results showed that bredemolic acid significantly improved TOAC and promoted glucose utilization via attenuation of lipid peroxidation and increased glycogen formation in the insulin-resistant cells, respectively. This study showed that bredemolic acid restored the insulin resistance through improved glucose utilization, glycogen formation, and TOAC in the skeletal muscle cells.
由于2型糖尿病（T2DM）与胰岛素抵抗和氧化应激相关，T2DM已成为一种普遍存在且具有多种副作用的代谢紊乱疾病。然而，替代抗糖尿病治疗已普遍用于治疗糖尿病患者的糖尿病。在我们之前的研究中，已报道布瑞地莫酸是一种抗糖尿病药物，可改善葡萄糖摄取，改善胰岛素抵抗，并减轻糖尿病前期大鼠肝脏、心脏、肾脏和骨骼肌中的氧化应激。然而，这些作用尚未得到验证。因此，本研究旨在探讨布瑞地莫酸对棕榈酸诱导的胰岛素抵抗C2C12骨骼肌细胞中胰岛素介导的葡萄糖利用、脂质过氧化和总抗氧化能力（TOAC）的影响。在暴露于棕榈酸（0.5 mmol/l）4小时后，骨骼肌细胞诱导产生胰岛素抵抗。将不同细胞组在补充有胎牛血清（10%）、青霉素/链霉素（1%）和L-谷氨酰胺（1%）的DMEM培养基中孵育，然后用胰岛素（4 μg/ml）或布瑞地莫酸（12.5 mmol/l）或两者同时处理。此后，将细胞接种到24孔或96孔板中，以测定细胞活力、葡萄糖利用、糖原形成和抗氧化能力。结果表明，布瑞地莫酸显著提高了TOAC，并分别通过减轻脂质过氧化和增加胰岛素抵抗细胞中的糖原形成来促进葡萄糖利用。本研究表明，布瑞地莫酸通过改善骨骼肌细胞中的葡萄糖利用、糖原形成和TOAC来恢复胰岛素抵抗。
