Tanaka Hiroyuki K M
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2022 Apr 30;12(1):7078. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11104-z.
Precise time synchronization is an essential technique required for financial transaction systems, industrial automation and control systems, as well as land and ocean observation networks. However, the time synchronization signals based on the global-positioning-system (GPS), or global-navigation-satellite-system, are sometimes unavailable or only partially available in indoor, underground and underwater environments. In this work, the simultaneous and penetrative natures of the muon component of the extended air shower (EAS) were used as signals for time synchronization in environments with little or no GPS coverage. CTS was modeled by combining the results of previous EAS experiments with OCXO holdover precision measurements. The results have shown the capability of CTS to reach perpetual local time synchronization levels of less than 100 ns with a hypothetical detector areal coverage of larger than 2 × 10. We anticipate this level of areal coverage is attainable and cost-effective for use in consumer smartphone networks and dense underwater sensor networks.
精确的时间同步是金融交易系统、工业自动化与控制系统以及陆地和海洋观测网络所需的一项关键技术。然而，基于全球定位系统（GPS）或全球导航卫星系统的时间同步信号在室内、地下和水下环境中有时不可用或仅部分可用。在这项工作中，广延大气簇射（EAS）的μ子成分的同时性和穿透性被用作在几乎没有或没有GPS覆盖的环境中进行时间同步的信号。通过将先前EAS实验的结果与恒温晶体振荡器（OCXO）的保持精度测量结果相结合，对CTS进行了建模。结果表明，在假设探测器面积覆盖率大于2×10的情况下，CTS能够实现小于100纳秒的永久本地时间同步水平。我们预计，这种面积覆盖率水平在消费级智能手机网络和密集水下传感器网络中是可以实现且具有成本效益的。
