College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Aug 1;306:119374. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119374. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
Microplastics (MPs) pollution is becoming a serious environmental issue of global concern. Currently, the effects of MPs on aquatic ecosystems have been studied in detail and in depth from species to communities. However, soils, the largest reservoir of MPs, have been less studied, and little is known about the occurrence, environmental fate and ecological impacts of MPs. Therefore, based on the existing knowledge, this paper firstly focused specifically on the main sources of soil MPs pollution and explored the main reasons for their strong heterogeneity in spatial distribution. Secondly, as a primary prerequisite for evaluating MPs contamination, we systematically summarized the analytical methods for soil MPs and critically compared the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods in the various operational steps. Furthermore, this review highlighted the combined contamination of MPs with complex chemical contaminants, the sorption mechanisms and the associated factors in the soil. Finally, the risks posed by MPs to soil, plants, the food chain and even humans were outlined, and future directions for soil MPs research were proposed, while the urgent need for a unified approach to MPs extraction and identification was emphasized. This study provides a theoretical reference for a comprehensive understanding of the separation of soil MPs and their ecological risk as carriers of pollution.
微塑料（MPs）污染正成为一个严重的全球性环境问题。目前，已经从物种到群落等多个层面详细深入地研究了 MPs 对水生生态系统的影响。然而，作为 MPs 最大储存库的土壤，其受到的研究较少，人们对 MPs 的存在、环境归宿和生态影响知之甚少。因此，基于现有知识，本文首先专门关注土壤 MPs 污染的主要来源，并探讨了其空间分布强烈非均质性的主要原因。其次，作为评估 MPs 污染的主要前提，我们系统地总结了土壤 MPs 的分析方法，并在各个操作步骤中批判性地比较了不同方法的优缺点。此外，本综述强调了 MPs 与复杂化学污染物的联合污染、在土壤中的吸附机制和相关因素。最后，概述了 MPs 对土壤、植物、食物链甚至人类造成的风险，并提出了未来土壤 MPs 研究的方向，同时强调了迫切需要统一的 MPs 提取和识别方法。本研究为全面了解作为污染载体的土壤 MPs 的分离及其生态风险提供了理论参考。
