Fekete Gyula László, Schwarzkopf-Kolb Dominik, Brihan Ilarie, Boda Daniel, Fekete László
Department of Dermatology, 'George Emil Palade' University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania.
CMI DERMAMED Private Medical Office, 540530 Târgu Mureș, Romania.
Exp Ther Med. 2022 May;23(5):361. doi: 10.3892/etm.2022.11288. Epub 2022 Mar 31.
Lichen sclerosus is a chronic disease of unknown etiology that can occur in the genital area of both sexes. Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) occurs only in the genital area of men and typically affects the foreskin, penile glans, and/or the meatus. In the present report, an observational, descriptive, and retrospective epidemiological clinical study of available data between January 2006 and December 2020 in patients diagnosed with BXO from the casuistic of CMI DERMAMED (Târgu Mureș, Romania) was performed. During this 15-year period, 164 patients were diagnosed with BXO, of whom 70 (42.8%) were in the 51-60-year-old age group. They presented at the medical consultation at 3-9 months after onset of symptoms, where 124 (75.6%) the patients were found to be with stage III of the disease. The most important comorbidities were found to be diabetes mellitus and obsesity, who were treated with potent steroids (betamethasone and clobetasol) with favorable results, with only nine (5.48%) cases necessitating surgical treatment. In general, BXO is a rare, acquired, non-infectious and chronically inflammatory (autoimmune) skin disease that has an unknown etiology. Although the risk of developing this condition is particularly high in patients in the 40-60-year-old age group, it can occur at any age. In the present report, the majority of the patients presented after a long period of disease development, such that they were already in advanced stages of the condition with clinically subjective symptoms and severe sexual problems. This delay in diagnosis has several causes, including misdiagnosis, psychological issues, and sexual behavior. Diabetes mellitus and overweight/obesity tended to be important comorbidities of BXO since the majority of the patients were also affected by these conditions. These comorbidities can exert an important pathophysiological influence on BXO. The first-line treatment option for this condition is the local application of potent steroids, with favorable effects. Due to the risk of malignant transformation as a result of BXO, it is recommended that these patients should be followed up for a longer period.
硬化性苔藓是一种病因不明的慢性疾病，可发生于男女两性的生殖器部位。闭塞性干燥性龟头炎（BXO）仅发生于男性生殖器部位，通常累及包皮、阴茎头和/或尿道口。在本报告中，对罗马尼亚特尔古穆列什市CMI DERMAMED病例记录中2006年1月至2020年12月期间诊断为BXO的患者的现有数据进行了一项观察性、描述性和回顾性流行病学临床研究。在这15年期间，164例患者被诊断为BXO，其中70例（42.8%）在51至60岁年龄组。他们在症状出现后3至9个月就诊，其中124例（75.6%）患者被发现处于疾病III期。发现最重要的合并症是糖尿病和肥胖症，使用强效类固醇（倍他米松和氯倍他索）治疗取得了良好效果，只有9例（5.48%）病例需要手术治疗。一般来说，BXO是一种罕见的、后天性的、非感染性的慢性炎症性（自身免疫性）皮肤病，病因不明。虽然40至60岁年龄组的患者患此病的风险特别高，但它可发生于任何年龄。在本报告中，大多数患者在疾病发展很长一段时间后才就诊，以至于他们已经处于疾病的晚期，伴有临床主观症状和严重的性问题。诊断延迟有多种原因，包括误诊、心理问题和性行为。糖尿病和超重/肥胖往往是BXO的重要合并症，因为大多数患者也受这些疾病影响。这些合并症可对BXO产生重要的病理生理影响。该病的一线治疗选择是局部应用强效类固醇，效果良好。由于BXO有恶变风险，建议对这些患者进行更长时间的随访。
