Brabcová Vendula, Tláskal Vojtěch, Lepinay Clémentine, Zrůstová Petra, Eichlerová Ivana, Štursová Martina, Müller Jörg, Brandl Roland, Bässler Claus, Baldrian Petr
Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia.
Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Apr 13;13:835274. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.835274. eCollection 2022.
Fine woody debris (FWD) represents the majority of the deadwood stock in managed forests and serves as an important biodiversity hotspot and refuge for many organisms, including deadwood fungi. Wood decomposition in forests, representing an important input of nutrients into forest soils, is mainly driven by fungal communities that undergo continuous changes during deadwood decomposition. However, while the assembly processes of fungal communities in long-lasting coarse woody debris have been repeatedly explored, similar information for the more ephemeral habitat of fine deadwood is missing. Here, we followed the fate of FWD of and in a Central European forest to describe the assembly and diversity patterns of fungal communities over 6 years. Importantly, the effect of microclimate on deadwood properties and fungal communities was addressed by comparing FWD decomposition in closed forests and under open canopies because the large surface-to-volume ratio of FWD makes it highly sensitive to temperature and moisture fluctuations. Indeed, fungal biomass increases and pH decreases were significantly higher in FWD under closed canopy in the initial stages of decomposition indicating higher fungal activity and hence decay processes. The assembly patterns of the fungal community were strongly affected by both tree species and microclimatic conditions. The communities in the open/closed canopies and in each tree species were different throughout the whole succession with only limited convergence in time in terms of both species and ecological guild composition. Decomposition under the open canopy was characterized by high sample-to-sample variability, showing the diversification of fungal resources. Tree species-specific fungi were detected among the abundant species mostly during the initial decomposition, whereas fungi associated with certain canopy cover treatments were present evenly during decomposition. The species diversity of forest stands and the variability in microclimatic conditions both promote the diversity of fine woody debris fungi in a forest.
细木残体（FWD）占人工林中枯立木存量的大部分，是许多生物（包括枯立木真菌）的重要生物多样性热点和避难所。森林中的木材分解是森林土壤养分的重要输入来源，主要由枯立木分解过程中不断变化的真菌群落驱动。然而，虽然人们已经反复探索了长期存在的粗木残体中真菌群落的组装过程，但对于更短暂的细枯立木栖息地，类似的信息却缺失。在这里，我们追踪了中欧一片森林中[具体树种1]和[具体树种2]的细木残体的命运，以描述6年间真菌群落的组装和多样性模式。重要的是，通过比较封闭森林和开阔树冠下的细木残体分解情况，研究了小气候对枯立木特性和真菌群落的影响，因为细木残体的表面积与体积比大，使其对温度和湿度波动高度敏感。事实上，在分解初期，封闭树冠下的细木残体中真菌生物量增加和pH值下降显著更高，表明真菌活性更高，因此分解过程更快。真菌群落的组装模式受到树种和小气候条件的强烈影响。在整个演替过程中，开阔/封闭树冠下以及每种树种中的群落都不同，在物种和生态功能群组成方面，只有有限的时间收敛。开阔树冠下的分解特征是样本间变异性高，表明真菌资源的多样化。在丰富物种中，大多在分解初期检测到树种特异性真菌，而与某些树冠覆盖处理相关的真菌在分解过程中均匀存在。林分的物种多样性和小气候条件的变异性都促进了森林中细木残体真菌的多样性。
