Abdulkareem-Alsultan G, Asikin-Mijan N, Mustafa-Alsultan G, Lee H V, Wilson Karen, Taufiq-Yap Y H
Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat), Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor Malaysia
RSC Adv. 2020 Jan 30;10(9):4996-5009. doi: 10.1039/c9ra09516k. eCollection 2020 Jan 29.
Untreated waste cooking oil (WCO) with significant levels of water and fatty acids (FFAs) was deoxygenated over CoO-LaO/AC catalysts under an inert flow of N in a micro-batch closed system for the production of green diesel. The primary reaction mechanism was found to be the decarbonylation/decarboxylation (deCOx) pathway in the CoO-LaO/AC-catalyzed reaction. The effect of cobalt doping, catalyst loading, different deoxygenation (DO) systems, temperature and time were investigated. The results indicated that among the various cobalt doping levels (between 5 and 25 wt%), the maximum catalytic activity was exhibited with the Co : La ratio of 20 : 20 wt/wt% DO under N flow, which yielded 58% hydrocarbons with majority diesel-range (-(C + C)) selectivity (∼63%), using 3 wt% catalyst loading at a temperature of 350 °C within 180 min. Interestingly, 1 wt% of catalyst in the micro-batch closed system yielded 96% hydrocarbons with 93% -(C + C) selectivity within 60 min at 330 °C, 38.4 wt% FFA and 5% water content. An examination of the WCO under a series of FFA (0-20%) and water contents (0.5-20 wt%) indicated an enhanced yield of green diesel, and increased involvement of the deCOx mechanism. A high water content was found to increase the decomposition of triglycerides into FFAs and promote the DO reaction. The present work demonstrates that WCO with significant levels of water and FFAs generated by the food industry can provide an economical and naturally replenished raw material for the production of diesel.
在微型间歇封闭系统中，在氮气惰性气流下，以含大量水和脂肪酸（FFAs）的未处理废食用油（WCO）为原料，在CoO-LaO/AC催化剂上进行脱氧反应，以生产绿色柴油。研究发现，CoO-LaO/AC催化反应的主要反应机理是脱羰/脱羧（deCOx）途径。考察了钴掺杂、催化剂负载量、不同脱氧（DO）体系、温度和时间的影响。结果表明，在各种钴掺杂水平（5%至25%重量）中，在氮气气流下，Co : La比例为20 : 20 wt/wt%的DO表现出最大催化活性，在350℃温度下，使用3%重量的催化剂负载量，180分钟内产生了58%的烃类，其中大部分为柴油馏程（-(C + C)）选择性（约63%）。有趣的是，在微型间歇封闭系统中，1%重量的催化剂在330℃、38.4%重量的FFA和5%含水量条件下，60分钟内产生了96%的烃类，-(C + C)选择性为93%。对一系列FFA（0 - 20%）和含水量（0.5 - 20%重量）条件下的WCO进行考察表明，绿色柴油的产率提高，且deCOx机理的参与度增加。发现高含水量会增加甘油三酯分解为FFA的程度，并促进DO反应。目前的工作表明，食品工业产生的含大量水和FFA的WCO可为柴油生产提供经济且天然可补充的原料。
