Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Fly (Austin). 2022 Dec;16(1):207-220. doi: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2066953.
Animals adapt to their environments in the course of evolution. One effective approach to elucidate mechanisms of adaptive evolution is to compare closely related species with model organisms in which knowledge of the molecular and physiological bases of various traits has been accumulated. and its close relatives, belonging to the same species group as the model organism , exhibit various unique characteristics such as flower-breeding habit, courtship display, territoriality, sexual dimorphism, and colour polymorphism. Their ease of culturing and availability of genomic information makes them a useful model for understanding mechanisms of adaptive evolution. Here, we review the morphology, distribution, and phylogenetic relationships of and related species, as well as their characteristic flower-dependent biology, food habits, and life-history traits. We also describe their unique mating and territorial behaviours and note their distinctive karyotype and the genetic mechanisms of morphological diversity that have recently been revealed.
动物在进化过程中适应其环境。阐明适应进化机制的一种有效方法是将具有各种特征的分子和生理基础知识积累的模式生物与密切相关的物种进行比较。 和它的近亲，属于与模式生物相同的物种组，表现出各种独特的特征，如花的繁殖习性、求偶展示、领地性、性二态性和颜色多态性。它们易于培养和具有基因组信息，使它们成为理解适应进化机制的有用模型。在这里，我们回顾了 和相关物种的形态、分布和系统发育关系，以及它们特有的依赖花的生物学、食性和生活史特征。我们还描述了它们独特的交配和领地行为，并注意到它们独特的染色体组型和最近揭示的形态多样性的遗传机制。
