Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ontogenia y Adaptación (LINOA), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (FCNyM), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), La Plata, Argentina.
Am J Hum Biol. 2022 Aug;34(8):e23755. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23755. Epub 2022 May 2.
The aim of this study was to determine changes in the prevalence of undernutrition, overweight and obesity in Argentine children and adolescents over the last two decades, and analyze their relationship with family socioeconomic conditions.
We compared data in two cross-sectional studies (C) of schoolchildren (n: 4971) aged 4 to 13 years from three provinces: Buenos Aires, Mendoza and Misiones. C1 was carried out between 2005 and 2009 and C2 between 2010 and 2019. Anthropometric (body weight, height, triceps and subscapular skinfolds) and socioeconomic data of both studies were obtained in the same schools by the same investigators, using a similar methodology. The prevalence of nutritional status and the frequency of family socioeconomic conditions were calculated by province and C. Data were analyzed by chi square test, categorical principal component analysis and generalized linear model.
The prevalence of undernutrition decreased in C2 in Buenos Aires and Misiones and remained constant in Mendoza. At the same time, the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased in the three provinces, around 13% in Buenos Aires and 9% in Mendoza and Misiones. Similarly, fat mass increased in C2. Undernutrition was associated with inadequate family socioeconomic conditions only in C1.
This 14-year follow-up study shows a decreasing trend in the prevalence of undernutrition and an increasing trend in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and fat mass in the child and adolescent population of Argentina. Also, a marked deterioration in family socioeconomic conditions was found, but its relationship with the changes in nutritional status remains to be elucidated.
本研究旨在确定过去二十年阿根廷儿童和青少年营养不良、超重和肥胖的患病率变化，并分析其与家庭社会经济状况的关系。
我们比较了来自布宜诺斯艾利斯、门多萨和米西奥内斯三个省的 4971 名 4 至 13 岁学龄儿童的两项横断面研究（C）的数据。C1 于 2005 年至 2009 年进行，C2 于 2010 年至 2019 年进行。由同一调查人员在同一所学校使用类似的方法获得了两项研究的人体测量学（体重、身高、三头肌和肩胛下皮褶）和社会经济数据。按省份和 C 计算营养状况的患病率和家庭社会经济状况的频率。采用卡方检验、分类主成分分析和广义线性模型进行数据分析。
在布宜诺斯艾利斯和米西奥内斯，C2 中营养不良的患病率下降，而在门多萨则保持不变。与此同时，超重和肥胖的患病率在这三个省份都有所增加，布宜诺斯艾利斯约为 13%，门多萨和米西奥内斯约为 9%。同样，C2 中脂肪量增加。在 C1 中，营养不良仅与家庭社会经济条件不足有关。
这项为期 14 年的随访研究表明，阿根廷儿童和青少年人群中营养不良的患病率呈下降趋势，超重、肥胖和体脂率的患病率呈上升趋势。此外，还发现家庭社会经济条件明显恶化，但与营养状况变化的关系仍有待阐明。
