Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York, New York, USA
Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York, New York, USA.
BMJ Open. 2022 May 2;12(5):e057209. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057209.
Historically, departures at New York City's LaGuardia airport flew over a large sports complex within a park. During the US Open tennis games, flights were diverted to fly over a heavily populated foreign-born neighbourhood for roughly 2 weeks out of the year so that the tennis match was not disturbed (the 'TNNIS' departure). In 2012, the use of the TNNIS departure became year-round to better optimise flight patterns around the metropolitan area.
We exploited exogenously induced spatial and temporal variation in flight patterns to examine difference-in-difference effects of this new exposure to aircraft noise on the health of individual residents in the community relative to individuals residing within a demographically similar community that was not impacted. We used individual-level Medicaid records, focusing on conditions associated with noise: sleep disturbance, psychological stress, mental illness, substance use, and cardiovascular disease.
We found that increased exposure to aeroplane noise was associated with a significant increase in insomnia across all age groups, but particularly in children ages 5-17 (OR=1.64, 95% CI=1.12 to 2.39). Cardiovascular disease increased significantly both among 18-44-year-old (OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.41 to 1.49) and 45-64-year-old Medicaid recipients (OR=1.15, 95% CI=1.07 to 1.25). Substance use and mental health-related emergency department visits also increased. For ages 5-17,rate ratio (RR) was 4.11 (95% CI=3.28 to 5.16); for ages 18-44, RR was 2.46 (95% CI=2.20 to 2.76); and for ages 45-64, RR was 1.48 (95% CI=1.31 to 1.67).
We find that increased exposure to aeroplane noise was associated with an increase in diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, substance use/mental health emergencies and insomnia among local residents.
历史上，从纽约市拉瓜迪亚机场起飞的航班飞越了一个位于公园内的大型体育综合体。在美国网球公开赛期间，为了不干扰网球比赛，航班被改道飞越一个人口众多的外国出生社区，每年大约有两周的时间（“TNNIS 离场”）。2012 年，为了更好地优化大都市区周围的航班模式，全年都使用 TNNIS 离场。
我们利用航班模式的外生空间和时间变化来研究这种新的飞机噪声暴露对社区中个体居民健康的差异影响，相对于没有受到影响的人口统计学相似社区的个体居民。我们使用个人层面的医疗补助记录，重点关注与噪声相关的疾病：睡眠障碍、心理压力、精神疾病、物质使用和心血管疾病。
我们发现，飞机噪声暴露的增加与所有年龄段的失眠症显著增加有关，但在 5-17 岁的儿童中尤其明显（OR=1.64，95%CI=1.12 至 2.39）。心血管疾病在 18-44 岁（OR=1.45，95%CI=1.41 至 1.49）和 45-64 岁的医疗补助受助人中显著增加（OR=1.15，95%CI=1.07 至 1.25）。物质使用和与心理健康相关的急诊就诊也有所增加。对于 5-17 岁的年龄组，比率比（RR）为 4.11（95%CI=3.28 至 5.16）；对于 18-44 岁的年龄组，RR 为 2.46（95%CI=2.20 至 2.76）；对于 45-64 岁的年龄组，RR 为 1.48（95%CI=1.31 至 1.67）。
我们发现，飞机噪声暴露的增加与当地居民心血管疾病、物质使用/心理健康急症和失眠症的诊断增加有关。
