Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Franche Comté University, Besançon, France.
Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
BMC Psychol. 2022 May 2;10(1):112. doi: 10.1186/s40359-022-00821-9.
In infancy and in the early years of life, emotion regulation and attachment relationships with parents are tightly intertwined. However, whether this link persists into adolescence has not yet been established and requires exploration. This pilot study utilizes an experimental design to assess the patterns of parent-adolescent interactions that are hypothesised to be related to two specific aspects of adolescents' emotion regulation, namely: visual attention and autonomic arousal to distress and comfort stimuli. Two innovative and ecologically valid methodologies were utilized to assess (a) patterns of attachment-based parent-adolescent interactions among 39 adolescent-parent dyads from the general population, using the Goal-corrected Partnership in Adolescence Coding System (Lyons-Ruth et al. Goal corrected partnership in adolescence coding system (GPACS), 2005) applied to a conflict discussion task; (b) the two aspects of adolescent emotion regulation were assessed with the Visual/Autonomic Regulation of Emotions Assessment (VAREA) (Vulliez-Coady et al. Visual/Autonomic Regulation of Emotions Assessment, VAREA) paradigm, an attachment-related, emotionally arousing experimental procedure, using a distress-then-comfort paradigm, in conjunction to an eye-tracker synchronized with a physiological device that measured gaze and skin conductance response, (SCR), or emotional reactivity. In line with research in infancy, as predicted, markers of secure parent-adolescent interaction were linked to higher amplitude of SCR for distress and comfort pictures, and with longer attention to comfort pictures. On the other hand, parental role-confusion was associated with less time spent on comfort pictures by the adolescent. Overall, this pilot study suggests that interventions supporting collaborative communication between adolescents and their parents, as well as working to reduce parental role-confusion, may improve adaptive adolescent emotion regulation as assessed via physiological measures.
在婴儿期和生命的早期，情绪调节和与父母的依恋关系紧密交织。然而，这种联系是否会持续到青春期尚未确定，需要进一步探索。本研究采用实验设计，评估与青少年情绪调节的两个特定方面相关的父母-青少年互动模式，即：对痛苦和安慰刺激的视觉注意力和自主唤醒。本研究采用了两种创新且具有生态效度的方法，评估了 39 对普通人群中的青少年-父母对子的依恋为基础的父母-青少年互动模式：(a) 使用青少年目标修正伙伴关系编码系统（Lyons-Ruth 等人，目标修正伙伴关系编码系统（GPACS），2005 年）对冲突讨论任务进行分析；(b) 使用视觉/自主情绪调节评估（VAREA）范式（Vulliez-Coady 等人，视觉/自主情绪调节评估，VAREA）评估青少年情绪调节的两个方面，这是一种与依恋相关的、情绪激动的实验程序，采用痛苦-安慰范式，结合眼动追踪仪和测量注视和皮肤电反应（SCR）的生理设备，评估情绪反应。与婴儿期的研究一致，如预测的那样，安全的父母-青少年互动模式与痛苦和安慰图片的 SCR 振幅较高，以及对安慰图片的注意力较长有关。另一方面，父母角色混淆与青少年在安慰图片上花费的时间较少有关。总体而言，这项初步研究表明，支持青少年与其父母之间协作沟通的干预措施，以及减少父母角色混淆的干预措施，可能会通过生理测量来改善适应性青少年情绪调节。
