Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
Gut Liver. 2022 May 15;16(3):341-356. doi: 10.5009/gnl210530.
Sedation can resolve anxiety and fear in patients undergoing endoscopy. The use of sedatives has increased in Korea. Appropriate sedation is a state in which the patient feels subjectively comfortable while maintaining the airway reflex for stable spontaneous breathing. The patient should maintain a state of consciousness to the extent that he or she can cooperate with the needs of the medical staff. Despite its benefits, endoscopic sedation has been associated with cardiopulmonary complications. Such cardiopulmonary complications are usually temporary, and most patients recover without sequelae. However, these events may progress to serious complications, such as cardiovascular collapse. Therefore, it is essential to screen high-risk patients before sedation and reduce complications by meticulous monitoring. Additionally, physicians should be familiar with the management of emergencies. The first Korean clinical practice guideline for endoscopic sedation was developed based on previous worldwide guidelines for endoscopic sedation using an adaptation process. The guideline consists of nine recommendations based on a critical review of currently available data and expert consensus when the guideline was drafted. These guidelines should provide clinicians, nurses, medical school students, and policy makers with information on how to perform endoscopic sedation with minimal risk.
镇静可以缓解接受内镜检查的患者的焦虑和恐惧。镇静剂在韩国的使用有所增加。适当的镇静是一种使患者在保持气道反射以稳定自主呼吸的同时主观上感到舒适的状态。患者应保持一定程度的意识，以便能够配合医务人员的需求。尽管有其益处，但内镜镇静与心肺并发症有关。这种心肺并发症通常是暂时的，大多数患者在没有后遗症的情况下恢复。然而，这些事件可能会进展为严重的并发症，如心血管崩溃。因此，在镇静前对高危患者进行筛选并通过细致的监测来减少并发症至关重要。此外，医生应该熟悉紧急情况的处理。第一个韩国内镜镇静临床实践指南是基于以前的全球内镜镇静指南，使用适应性过程制定的。该指南包含九条建议，这些建议是基于对现有数据的批判性审查和指南起草时的专家共识得出的。这些指南应该为临床医生、护士、医学生和决策者提供有关如何以最小风险进行内镜镇静的信息。
