Cystic Fibrosis Department, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Child Health Department, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece.
Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2022 Jun;18(6):581-590. doi: 10.1080/1744666X.2022.2072297. Epub 2022 May 6.
The links between allergen exposure and sensitization are complex and depend not only on the type of allergen but on various genetic and environmental factors.
This review discusses the link between allergen exposure and atopic sensitization for different types of allergens and the factors that mediate or affect this link. For the purposes of this review search of PubMed was undertaken to identify English language articles using the terms 'sensitization' and 'allergen exposure' and 'children/or adolescents.'
Regarding food sensitization, the available data for peanuts and eggs suggest that there is a window period between 4 and 6 months of age when the introduction of these foods may limit sensitization and clinically overt allergy to the respective foods. As far as it concerns aeroallergens, it seems that there is a complex and variable relationship between mite exposure and specific sensitization especially if the exposure occurs early in life. Early exposure to dog allergens does not seem to be associated with specific sensitization; regarding cats, the results are still inconsistent. Several factors may mediate the relationship between early exposure to allergens and the development of sensitization or clinical allergy.
过敏原暴露与致敏之间的关系复杂，不仅取决于过敏原的类型，还取决于各种遗传和环境因素。
本文讨论了不同类型过敏原的过敏原暴露与特应性致敏之间的联系，以及介导或影响这种联系的因素。为此，我们在 PubMed 上搜索了使用“致敏”和“过敏原暴露”以及“儿童/青少年”等术语的英文文章。
关于食物致敏，已有研究表明，花生和鸡蛋在 4-6 个月大时引入，可能会限制对相应食物的致敏和临床过敏反应，存在一个窗口期。至于气传过敏原，螨暴露与特异性致敏之间的关系似乎很复杂且具有变异性，尤其是在生命早期暴露时。早期接触狗过敏原似乎与特异性致敏无关；而对于猫，结果仍然不一致。许多因素可能调节早期接触过敏原与致敏或临床过敏的发展之间的关系。
